1. FOCUS ON SPANISH AMERICAN WAR, TR , TAFT AND WW
IMPERIALISM 1890’S-1900’S
FOCUS ON SPANISH AMERICAN WAR, TR , TAFT AND WW

2. KEY INFLUENCES 1-Missionaries
Rev. Josiah Strong— “Our Country: It’s Possible Future and Present Crisis”—missionary work
American Missionaries
In China, 1905

3. Social Darwinism
White Man’s Burden
Hierarchy of Race

4. Commercial/Business Interests
US Foreign Investments

5. American Frontier-Closed
Frederick
Jackson
Turner’s
Frontier
Thesis--

6. Alfred Mahan-”Influence of Sea Power”

7. PROBLEMS IN CUBA 1895-REVOLT VS. SPANISH GOV’T “SCORCHED EARTH” POLICY
BUTCHER WEYLER—
Reconcentration Camps

8. Yellow Journalism Pulitzer & Hearst
Hearst to Frederick Remington: You furnish the pictures, and I’ll furnish the war!

9. Feb. 9th 1898 De Lome Letter
Private letter by Spanish Ambassador to US
McKinley is “weak”
**popular opinion=war
**business---no war

10. Teddy Roosevelt
Assistant Secretary of the Navy in the McKinley administration.
Imperialist and American nationalist.
Criticized President McKinley as having the backbone of a chocolate éclair!
Resigns his position to fight in Cuba.

11. THE US INVOLVED IN CUBA
USS Maine sent to evacuate Americans out of Havana
-Feb. 15th Maine blew up in Havana Harbor
blame???

12. Remember the Maine and to Hell with Spain!
Funerals for Victims

13. SPANISH AMERICAN WAR Spain orders warships to Cuba
Admiral Cervera—blockaded by American fleet in Santiago harbor
US forces unprepared—malaria, yellow fever & typhoid; food & clothes
Disorganized Fighting
El Caney—July 1st
San Juan Hill
Spanish troops outnumbered and outgunned
August 12, armistice—5000 die of disease
only 400 men die from war injuries

14. The Spanish-American War (1898): “That Splendid Little War” (John Hay-Sec. of State)

15. Rough Riders

16. To The Victor Go The Spoils! US takes Philippines

17. Dewey captures Manila!

18. PROBLEMS IN THE PHILIPPINES
1-ADMIRAL DEWEY IN HONG KONG
TOLD TO TAKE PHIL IF US DECLARES WAR ON SPAIN
2-MAY 1898—DEWEY DESTROYS SPANISH FLEET
3-AUGUST 1898-MANILA SURRENDERS

19. Emilio Aguinaldo-Freedom Fighter
Philippine Independence-1946

20. US “Sphere of Influence”

21. Treaty of Paris, 1898 Cuba was freed from Spanish rule.
Spain gave up Puerto Rico and the island of Guam.
The U. S. paid Spain $20 mil. for the Philippines.
The U. S. becomes an imperial power!

22. KEY ACTS 1-TELLER AMENDMENT
WITHDRAW BY 1902—give Cubans freedom after the war
2-PLATT AMENDMENT 1901
US CAN INTERVENE
CUBA DEVELOPS CONSTITUTION
NAVAL BASE

23. ANTI-IMPERIALIST LEAGUE
Mark Twain, William James, Samuel Gompers, Andrew Carnegie, WJ Bryan
Dislike imperialism; conflict
Argument
Too much despotism (colonialism)
Vs Trade/Profits/Natural resources

24. Journal: Should the Constitution follow the flag?

25. TR AS PRESIDENT 1-PANAMA CANAL 1850  Clayton-Bulwer Treaty.
1901  Hay-Paunceforte Treaty.
Philippe Bunau-Varilla, agent provocateur.
Dr. Walter Reed.
1903  Hay-Bunau Varilla Treaty

26. TR “Encourages” a Panamian Revolution
Prevents Columbian forces entering area
Pushes for independence

27. Panama Canal
TR in Panama
Construction starts in 1904

28. Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine 1905
Chronic wrongdoing… may in America, as elsewhere, ultimately require intervention by some civilized nation, and in the Western Hemisphere the adherence of the United States to the Monroe Doctrine may force the United States, however reluctantly, in flagrant cases of such wrongdoing or impotence, to the exercise of an international police power .

29. “Speak Softly But Carry a Big Stick”

30. Constable of the World

31. TR continued *continued occupation of Philippines
After (US-Phil War 1899+)
Aguinaldo fought US
4-Russo-Japanese
War 1904
Portsmouth Treaty
Nobel Peace Prize
For TR

32. Yellow Peril Problems in California Gentlemen’s Agreement
Root-Takihira Agreement

33. Great White Fleet 1907
End of TR’s Presidency

34. JOURNAL: What is TR’s Legacy? Does he belong on Mt. Rushmore?

35. Taft as President “Dollar Diplomacy”
1-Improve financial opportunities for American businesses.
2-Use private capital to further U. S. interests overseas.
3- the U.S. should create stability and order abroad that would best promote America’s commercial interests.

36. Wilson as President “Moral Diplomacy”
*The U. S. should be the conscience of the world.
*Spread democracy.
*Promote peace.
*Condemn colonialism

37. 1st Actions of Wilson 1-repeal Panama Canal Tolls Act 2-Jones Act 1916
3- Haiti Civil War 1915
4-Problems in Dom. Republic
5-US buys Virgin Islands from Denmark 1917

38. Mexican Revolution 1910 Huerta seizes control of Mexico
Should US send troops to protect US Business?
Carranza, Pancho Villa & Emiliano Zapata fought against Huerta.
The U.S. also got involved by occupying Veracruz
Problems with US sailors in Tampico 1914
Carranza would gain power in Mexico after Huerta’s gov’t collapses
Wilson sends Gen. Pershing to fight Villa as he attacks along US/Mexican Border

39. Zapata
Pancho Villa

40. U. S. Interventions in Latin America: 1898-1920s