1. 1 Li-Polymer Battery Packs for E-bikes GM BATTERIES Anthony Lu GUANGZHOU MARKYN BATTERY CO., LTD Dr. Quansheng Yang R&D Dept. Wuhan Factory 752, Presentation

2. 2 Safety Test Impact Safety Test Needle stabbed DROP

3. 3 Main Characteristics –High energy density –Light in weight –Long cycle life –Discharge current can be adjusted at drivers wishes, providing a smooth driving –High safe characteristics –Compliant to pollution-free Of Lithium polymer Battery Packs

4. 4 Temperature Characteristics for E-bikes Of 24V/12Ah Lithium polymer Battery Packs

5. 5 Discharge Characteristics for E-bikes Of 24V/12Ah Lithium polymer Battery Packs

6. 6 Cycle life Characteristics for E-bikes Of 24V/12Ah Lithium polymer Battery Packs

7. 7 Since establishment of EV battery R&D in 2003, our engineers have succeeded in developing Lithium Polymer battery packs for RC hobby and mobile tools, and at the end of the same year, we began to manufacture emergency power supply system, Back-up for GPS or radio communication equipment, the sizes including 110V50Ah,110v100Ah, etc. History of Lithium Polymer Battery Packs for EV

8. 8 Battery packs for E-bikes is an important development project and developing direction, experienced 3- year research and test in actual application. History of Lithium Polymer Battery Packs for EV

9. 9 We began to put our battery packs into applications 3 years ago, and preliminarily found all the data meets the demand, then we marketed the packs at the same year, but customers feedback was not very optimistic, the main problem is PCB, Emails below gave us the feed- backs on typical problems: History of Lithium Polymer Battery Packs for EV

10. 10 Customers letters Dear GMB, we have made a lot of tests on your battery. What I can say is that your electrochemistry is good, the battery have good performance in term off capacity and cycling. Butt there is some trouble with this points: 1) the over discharge electronic circuit is very sensible to temperature and have too high serial resistance 2) the mechanical fixation and insulation of the pcb is made of cardboard and paper, it is not compatible with safety 3) the charger pcb was broken, don't use backelite PCB 4) the charger connector of the battery is not short circuit protected and directly connected to the battery 5) the individual battery are not well mounted also, there is just some think like melted candle to maintain all components ( Mr. Mr. Decourt from ICMCB )

11. 11 Customers Feedback Dear Neil, How are you doing? It has been a long time we talked. And the next summer is here. It gives me good moments to use my e-bikes! Good and bad news: Good: My E-bike still runs fine with your 24V battery-pack. Medium Good: The 36V Battery pack also runs. (But very weak. After discharging 3Ah the voltage of one cell is below 3V!) Bad: I don't use your charger anymore. I read on a discussion-group in the Internet, that the cells life much longer, when only charged up to 4.1 V! (What I did: I made a prallel-connector and charge all 7-cells in parallel with a regulated powersupply 3A; this means maximum 21hour charging; for 7x10Ah) It works perfect! I did this out of FEAR of EXPLOSION (!) after the other 24V battery-pack which I have from you, suddendly looked like blown. I am not joking! When I carefully opened it, I saw why: 2 cells looked like a balloon!!! The voltage of this (3parallel) Cellpack was 1.5V. The confusing thing is, that this happened only by storage it! I DID NOT USE THIS BATTERYPACK!! I only measured the voltage when I received it. (It was between 4.1 and 4.3V each Cell) What do you think about that? Have you heard of similar problems? I would appreciate if you could send 2 Cell-packs (of 3 Cells) So I could repare the broken battery-pack! Best Regards, Philipp Customers Feedback

12. 12 The evolving 24V10Ah for e-bike Mail Characteristics of Li-ion Polymer battery Pack Nominal Energy: 240 Whrs Nominal Voltages:24V (7 cells) Continuous discharge: 1C (continuous full speed) Peak discharge: 3C for 1 minutes Energy Density: > 130 Whr/kg at 1C Lifetime: > 300 cycles at 70% DOD Temperature range: -20°C to 50°C ambient Dimension:42*120*270(mm)

13. 13 Temperature Characteristics for E-bikes Of 24V/12Ah Lithium polymer Battery Packs

14. 14 Charge Characteristics for E-bikes Of 24V/12Ah Lithium polymer Battery Packs

15. 15 Discharge Characteristics for E-bikes Of 24V/12Ah Lithium polymer Battery Packs

16. 16 Cycle life Characteristics for E-bikes Of 24V/12Ah Lithium polymer Battery Packs

17. 17 BMS Characteristics –Scalable temperature control –Ultra low standby current for long shelf live (<100mA) –Separet Current-Switch for Charging and Discharging using Power MOSFET’s –Passive Cell balancing System during charge –Can Cut off circuit when the battery is in over-charge, over-discharge.

18. 18 Second Protection Balancing Temp Cellvoltages Balancing Microcontroller & Pheripherie Powerboard - Current Measurment - Power Switches Level Shift Second Protection Temperatures Current Shut down CAN Battery Current Battery Management System System Overview

19. 19 Better for low current Same connector for charge and discharge Better for high current Possible danger if not connected properly Paralleling of MOSFET to reduce on-resistance Power Switch

20. 20 Input:100—240V(AC) Output:29.4V 2A Chargers

21. 21 Li-Polymer Battery Pack on our bike

22. 22 Li-Polymer Battery System for Cree Three-Wheeler Our Future

23. 23 Drivetek ag Li-Ion Pack for the Antares Glider Plane from Lange Flugzeugbau High Power Li-Poly Batteries Choose high quality battery design a complete battery pack. This includes: –Battery monitoring –Battery packaging –Thermal design –Charger Design –Fail Safe Behavior Design A battery information will also provide –Life cycle testing –Shock and vibration testing –Thermal cycle testing

24. 24 Overview Cell Requirements Nominal Energy: 9 to 12 kWhrs Several Possible Nominal Voltages: –48V / 60V / 100V (13 / 16 / 27 cells) Continuous discharge: 1C (continuous full speed) Peak discharge: 2C for 1 minutes 50% duty cycle –(stop n’ go acceleration) Energy Density: > 130 Whr/kg at 1C Lifetime: > 300 cycles at 70% DOD Temperature range: automotive: -20°C to 50°C ambient

25. 25 Thank you very much for your attention Anthony Lu GUANGZHOU MARKYN BATTERY CO., LTD Dr. Quansheng Yang R&D Dept. Wuhan Factory 752, Good Bye Thanks