1. Littleford Day Inc.
Where Processing Ideas become Reality.

2. Advance Drying with Littleford Units Littleford Day Inc.
Where Processing Ideas Become Reality.

3. Littleford Ploughshare Dryers. Presentation Index
Page Contents
The “Fluidized-Bed” for better drying.
Lump Breaking action.
Drying in the Littleford.
Stages of Drying.
Heat Transfer Graphics.
The Choppers action benefits when drying.
How do we build them.
Manufacturing Options.
Regular Sizes.
Optimizing Drying in the Littleford
Drying heat sensitive low percent solids
Typical Applications.
19 Rental Programs
Service and Spare Parts.
Technical Center: Our Lab. Facilities. Testing & Optimizing Products.

4. The “Fluidized Bed” Operation for Mixing & Drying:
Liquid dispersion is done by spraying
liquids against fluidized powder, by
Top and / or Bottom Mounted Nozzles.
The unique action created by the movement of
the mixing elements produce intense but
gentle intermingling of the materials of the
mix in a mechanically fluidized bed.
The unique mixing action
of the FKM series mixers
is accomplished by a
horizontal shaft which
revolves at a high rate of
speed rapidly projecting and
hurling the mix materials away
from the vessel wall into
free space, filling the
entire vessel. The mixing
action causes the materials
to crisscross in the direction
of the vessel walls and
inversely back again,
providing a high volume rate
of material transfer. The
mechanically fluidized bed
of particles is the basis of
it´s mixing efficiency and
accuracy, including mixtures
with diverse specific gravities
as well as other problems such
as liquid incorporation and
heat transfer.
Mixing elements are
designed to force the
product into appro-
priate components of
axial & radial motion.
High-Speed Blending Choppers enhance mixing
action by controlling particle size and trace
ingredient dispersion, usually without the need
for additional process steps.

5. sprayed liquids flowing in the opposite direction.
Chopper Action, sending fluidized particles upward, against
sprayed liquids flowing in the opposite direction.
Superb Liquids Dispersion into Powders, through high speed Choppers
(Showing Top Injection Type. Bottom Liquids Injection also available)

6. Drying in The Littleford.
1.-High efficiency drying of Suspensions, pastes, and bulk materials.
2.-Fast drying cycles and discharge.
3.-Allows efficient drying of sensitive materials at low Temperatures.
4.-Complete dispersion of agglomerates, lumps and fiber bundles.
5.-Homogeneous mixing of dissimilar ingredients.
6.-Drying operations from liquid state to free-flowing powder in one vessel.
7.-Allows liquid addition during processing.
8.-Adapts itself to effective recovery of costly solvents.
9.-Eliminates need for additional processing equipment.
The Key to this State-of-the Art drying
technology is the unique, mechanically
fluidized ploughshare action which agi-
tates and individualize the solid parti-
cles to be dried. The ploughshare action
forces the product into a 3-dimensions
motion that individualizes each particle,
continuosly exposing tremendous surface
area for drying The particles constantly
contact one another, and the heated inte-
rior walls of the jacketed vessel furthering
the drying process Our dryers are also
equipped with independently operated,
high shear choppers, to reduce the particle
size of the lumps or agglomerates, to expo-
se undried materials and ensure thoroughly
dried particle interior. Deagglomeration
further shortens drying time.
Heated Pulse Back
Filter with Stack.
Wet Product
Condenser
Littleford
Dryer.
Dry Product
Recovery
Tank.
Vacuum
Pump.

7. Stages of Drying: Why is the Littleford so efficient? Particle of
Time
Paste Granule Powder M o I s t u r e L v l
Constant
Rate
Period
Falling Rate
Diffusion
Falling
Rate:
starts to
retard
drying
Diffusion:
Final Moisture loss
Constant Rate.
Surface
& Subsurface
Moisture
Particle of
Material
Materials go through several physical stages during
the drying process - Paste, Granule and Powder. Du-
ring the early portion of the Paste Stage, the product
is a thickening slurry which is readily put into turbu-
lence by the action of the plows. The Dryer has been
designed to achieve the critical Froude Nr. (The Point
in which the plows force the batch into turbulence &
thus maximize the heat transfer capability of the dryer.
This attainment of the critical Froude Number enables
fast, efficient transfer of the BTU´s required to satisfy
the latent heat of vaporization, thus generating a much
shorter drying cycle.
Conventional dryers do not begin to achieve Littleford
drying rates, even in this Liquid Stage of the drying
curve where drying is most easily accomplished.
As the slurry thickens at the end of the Paste Stage ,
(end of the constant rate period), the batch thickens
to a mud-like consistency, which in conventional
dryers causes the batch to ball or cake. This makes
drying exceedingly difficult, since moisture (volatiles)
must migrate from inside thrugh capillaries to the par-
ticle surface before it can be flashed off. This point on
the drying curve is where the limited drying rate of
conventional dryers gets even worse, as internal par-
ticle drying replaces efficient external drying.
In the Granule Stage, Littleford Ploughshare Dryers,
utilizing both the action of the turbulent plows and the
high shear choppers, reduce the forming lumps to
smaller granules, thus exposing large amounts of new
surface for drying.
Why is the Littleford so efficient?
As the product moves from the Granule to the Powder Stage,
continued use of the high shear choppers will break the dry-
ing granules into fine Powder, allowing for possible elimination
of further milling of the dried product.

8. Heat Transfer Graphics
The Littleford Dryer exhibits superior heat transfer coefficients, often
two or three times higher than those of a ribbon or paddle dryers. As
much as ten times higher than tumble or tray dryers.
49.2
41.0
32.8
24.6
16.4
8.2 U F a c t o r
Froud Number
% Moisture
in Material
Critical Plow Speed
“Pasty”
Pigment Mix
“Crumbly”
Littleford
Ploughshare
Dryer
Paddle
U Factor: BTU/Hr. - Sq.Ft. - F Degrees
Heat Transfer Capability Heat Transfer Coefficients
Comparative Example: Aqueous Pigment Paste, Highly Plastic

9. Advance Drying: The Chopper Advantages in Drying:
Fast, efficient drying without lump formation M O I S T U R E
DRYING TIME
PASTE GRANULE POWDER
Internal Drying
without Choppers
External Drying
with Choppers
The action of the turbulent plows and the high shear choppers reduce the forming lumps
to smaller granules, thus exposing large amounts of new surface area for drying.

10. How do we build them: Vacuum Systems Pulse Back Filters.
Standard or Sanitary Construction.
TEFC or Explosion Proof Electric's.
Full Vacuum or rated for several
Internal Pressure Ratings.
Single or Variable Speeds.
Vacuum Systems
Pulse Back
Filters.
Shell in Carbon Steel
304 SS or 316 SS
#120 Grit finish.
Liquid Dispersion
Systems.
Access ports with safety
limit switches.
Littleford
Reinforced
Shafts and
Drives.
Std.Packing,
Air type &
Mechanical
Seals
Jacket designed
for high rates of
thermal
transference.
75 PSIG
Mixing Plows designed to create
a fluidized bed and excellent
thermal transfer.
High Speed Choppers, for
granulation control, lump
breaking & dispersion
Contour discharge Valve, for No-Dead Spots

11. Manufacturing Options:
Vacuum System:
Stack (s)
Pulse Back Filter (s)
Condenser, Receivers.
Vacuum Pumps.
Material: C.Steel, 304 S.S., 316 SS., Special.
Interior: Std. #120 Grit or higher.
Liquid Injection: Tower, Manifold.
Top and / or Bottom Mountings.
Vessel Construction:
Atmospheric Std.,
Vacuum Rated,
Pressure Rated,
Sanitary Construction.
FDA Ratings.
Electric's: H.P., TEFC,Expl.Proof.
Feeding Ports
Drive Type.
Sanitary or Welded Design
RPM´s: 1 or 2 Speeds,
Variable Speed.
Hydraulic Coupling.
Seals: Std. Packing,
Positive Pressure
Mechanical.
Plows: Std.,Heat Transfer, Becker
Jacket. Std. 75 PSI
Other PSI Ratings
Heating & Cooling
Special Bases, Load Cells.
Choppers: H.P., TEFC, Expl.Proof
Blade Types
Discharge Valve :
Manual,Pneumatic.
Ball type, Butterfly,
Spherical & Slide
Options.
Control Panels: Manual, Automatic. RPM Control
Batch Times, Amp,Power,Reports

12. Our regular sizes: Littleford Day Inc.
Working capacity depends on the process, and is
normally between 50% and 70% of total capacity.
TOTAL CAPACITY DIMENSIONS *
Model Liters Gallons Cu.Ft A B C
FKM-300-D ” ” 35”
FKM-600-D ” ” 43”
FKM-1200-D ” ” 43”
FKM-1200-E ” ” 50”
FKM-2000-D ” ” 51”
FKM-2000-E ” ” 60”
FKM-3000-D ” ” 60”
FKM-4200-D ” ” 68”
FKM-6000-D ” ” 80”
FKM-8000-D ” ” 80”
FKM D ” ” 80”
FKM D ” ” 92”
FKM D ” ” 96”
FKM D ” ” 107”
FKM D ” ” 110” A B C
* Aprox. Vessel Dimensions
Littleford Day Inc.

13. Optimizing Drying in the Littleford
Main reasons for drying operations:
To facilitate handling and further processing.
To permit satisfactory utilization of the final product.
To reduce shipping costs.
To increase the capacity of other equipment in the process.
To preserve a product during storage and shipment.
To enhance the value and usefulness of waste or various products.
To make a product with physical characteristics more appealing to the customer.
Reasons for drying under vacuum:
Control temperature of temperature-sensitive products
Recover solvents for re-use.
Effective solvent removal under non-explosive conditions
and control its safe handling.
Capacity can be controlled, or varied, by processing small
or large batch sizes to meet existing process requirements.
As a general statement, all drying can be divided into distinct periods. In thecase of Vacuum Drying, it falls into (3) categories:
Time known as the constant rate period, or that time the moisture is easily evaporated from the surface
This occurs at a time when the material is substantially at the boiling point of the evaporating liquid under the absolute pressure conditions exixting in the dryer.
That period known as the falling rate period when the material approaches the wall temperature of the dryer. As diffusion is taking place, the sensible heat of the material starts to approach the heating medium.

14. Successful Vacuum Drying Points
Optimizing Drying in the Littleford
Successful Vacuum Drying Points
Numerous test results have indicated that the most successful vacuum dryings are
Achieved whenthe following conditions prevail:
THE MATERIAL IS NOT SOLUBLE IN THE SOLVENT TO BE REMOVED. THESE TYPES OF PRODUCTS
CAN BE FOUND MOSTLY IN PHARMACEUTICAL COMPANIES THAT ARE DOING MULTI-STAGE SOL-
VENT PURIFICATIONS. THIS TYPE OF PRODUCT IS IDEAL FOR THE LITTLEFORD DRYER. IF THE MA-
TERIAL IS SOLUBLE IN THE SOLVENT TO BE REMOVED, WE HAVE FOUND 20% TO 30% SOLVENT
TO BE THE VERY MAXIMUM. GREATER CONCENTRATION CAUSED MASSIVE BUILD-UP AGAINST
THE HEAT TRANSFER SURFACES AND VERY HIGH POWER DEMANDS (10 HP+ IN FM-130 PILOT
UNIT).
TWO TYPES OF DRYING IN THE LITTLEFORD PROCESS VESSELS:
ATMOSPHERIC AND UNDER VACUUM
Factors that control heat transfer:
-Type of mixing tool
-Speed of agitation
-Jacket Area
-Jacket Temperature
-Boiling point of volatile component
U = Q
(A) (LmTD)
Vessels that can maximize all factors for efficient drying:
FM, FKM, VT and DVT types.
Jacketing:
-Cover Max. Area of shell.
-Heat Shaft (optional)
-Heat Heads (optional)
-Circulation fluids in jacket at correct Reynolds number.
-Connect all fluid flow from bottom-up.
-Connect all steam top, out at bottom through trap.
Must supply sufficient steam for process requirements.

15. Optimizing Drying In the Littleford 3rd. Page.
Explosion (overpressure) Protection:
-All sealed units must be protected.
-Units must be designed for pressure (not necessarily stamped or coded)
Seals:
-Packing for medium vacuum or atmospheric
-Mechanical seals for high vacuum.
Discharge Valves: Std.Contour, Ball, GEMCO
Vacuum:
-Vapor pressure controls B.P. (want to max-imize differential between jacket & product)
-Millimiters Hg Abs. Vs in. Hg Ref.
Vapor Port & line sizing:
-Port = less than 3 Ft/Sec
-Vapor line = less than 100 Ft/Sec.
** Expanded volume under vacuum.
Vacuum Systems (Critical Proper Design):
-Pump CFM pumping rate.
-Condenser Ft2 and tube diameter.
-Full or partial water recovery.
IMPORTANT: Draw vacuum before running.
N2 Flush: Low level moisture require it to lift
vapor out of drier.
Air drying VS Vacuum drying
Optimizing Drying
In the Littleford
3rd. Page.
Plow Types:
-Standard & Heat Transfer.
Choppers:
-Used to deagglomerate lumps.
-Add small amount of heat to aid drying
-Integral shafts are recommended.
Pulse Back Filter:
-Used to contain solids in dryer.
-Use hot pulse air.
-Must be heated above “dew point of volatile”
-Sizing chart for most applications.
-Seal seams of bags.
-Use tight porosity bags with special coating.
RPM´s:
-Normal Speed is Std. – to maximize heat transfer
-Keep same Froud # during scale-up
-Some applications are at reduced speed due to
Nature of product being dried, so as to keep motor
Loads as low as possible.
Drives: Single,Two-Sp.,Varaible or Hydraulic.

16. Drying Heat Sensitive Low Percentage Solids
The Littleford Day drying technology offers a highly efficient & economical means of drying heat sensitive low percentage
Solids solutions. A considerable portion of the ingredients for the Food, Pharmaceutical, Nutraceutical and Biotechnical
Industries is manufactured from the extraction or reaction of plant materials using solvents (water, alcohol, hexane, etc).
This process leaves the processor with a product in the form of a liquid with a very low percent solids level (Hydrolized
Vegetable Protein, St.John´s Wort, Enchinacea, and other Nutraceutical products).
Processors have been searching for an economical way to dry these products. In the past, due to the stickiness of the
Product during drying, the processor was forced to utilize drying methods such as frezze drying, spray drying, tray
Dryers, etc., expensive methods which did not rely on mechanical agitation of the product through the high viscosity
“Power Phase”.
Typical Littleford vacuum drying process:
1.- Product is placed in the Littleford Ploughshare Vacuum Dryer. Agitation
Is initiated (plow & choppers (optional) followed by heating media (hot water,
Steam hot oil) on the vessel jacket to raise the temperature of the product in
The dryer to the predetermined drying temperature.
2.- With the vessel under vacuum, a fine spray of the low solids solution is
Atomized into the heated bed of dried material. The rate of spray is matched
To the rate of vapor evolution in order to mantain the bed of materials as a
Dry medium.
3.- After sufficient material has been dried to raise the batch size to a 70%
Fill, the product is cooled (via cooling media on the vessel jacket) to the
Required temperature for subsequent processing (other ingredients added,
Product granulated, etc.) or discharge.
Dryer.
Wet Product
Condenser
Recovery
Tank.
Vacuum
Pump.
Liquid Injection

17. Advantages of the advanced Littleford process:
1.- Controlled drying through effective/optimum heat transfer
2.- Improved Drying rates.
3.- Increased efficiencies of drying.
4.- Efficient single unit processing of the entire process
The Littleford equipment used to accomplish this
Advanced processing is the Littleford Ploughshare
Vaccum Dryer, which combines the operational fe-
Atures of liquid injection, vacuum operation and
Effective heat transfer (heating or cooling) to dry
in a single processing unit. It operates according
to the proven “fluidized bed” mixing principle,
Whereby the materials being processed are man-
Tained by the plow shaped mixing elements in a
Mechanically fluidized “suspeded” state. This
Permits liquid and solid media to achieve intimate
Individualized, rapid contact with each other and
The heat transfer surfaces.
In addition, the Littleford Ploughshare Vacuum Dryer may
Be equipped with independently operated, high shear
“chopper” devices to treduce the particle size of any
Lumps or agglomerates, exposing undried materials
Thereby ensuring thoroughly dried particle interiors. This
Deagglomeration further shortens the drying time required.
It is specifically dengineered to maximize heat transfer,
Yields coefficients that are many times higher than those
Of traditional dryers. This advanced heat transfer techno-
Logy generates rapid drying in a single process vessel.
It can be enhanced with an optional Pulse Back Filter to
Effectively handle the vapor steam created during steam
Stripping and drying.
The Littleford process enables the processor to produce an excellent, dried product with solvent levels well below the limits set by the FDA.
The Littleford Ploughshare Vacuum Dryer is designed and constructed according to “GMP” and to meet or exceed FDA, 3A, USDA, compliance
As specified by the customer.
This proven Littleford technology has been applied to numerous complex and difficult applications in the Food, Pharmaceutical, Nutraceutical
And Biotechnical Industries. Littleford Ploughshare Vacuum Dryers can be purchased in a variety of sizes to meet most production require-
Ments. Littleford can interface its system controls with existing equipment or supply fully automated process control systems

18. Typical Applications Q-R-S-T-U-V-W-X-Y-Z H-I-J-K-L M-N-O-P A-B-C
Paint Sludge Slurry
Para Toluene Sulfonate
Paraformaldehyde
Peat Moss (Vermiculite Mix)
Penicillin Powder
Pesticides
Pharmaceuticals (Intermediate)
Photographic Process Sludge
Pigments
Plastic Resin Beads
Polyethilens
Polymers
Polyvinil Alcohol
Potassium Boro Fluoride & Phenate
Protein Modifications
Psyllium Seed
Q-R-S-T-U-V-W-X-Y-Z
Refracting Powders
Resin Beads
Selenium Metal Filter Cakes
Sodium: Methylate, Phenate, Stearates
Specialty Chemicals
Starch Powder
Sulfonated Polystyrene
Temperature Sensitive Enzymes
Tugsten Carbide Slurry
Toxic Sludges
Vitamin Mix
Wet Friction Lining
Wheat: Bran, Farina & Germ
Zinc Diacrylate
A-B-C
Acetoquanamine
Acetyl Salicilic Acid
Acrylic Powder
Agricultural Herbicides
Aluminum Hidroxide Slurry
Animal Byproducts
Animal Feed Products
Animal Waste for Fertilizers
Barium Stearate
Boric Acid Solution
Brewer´s Yeast
Cadmium Oxide
Calcium Stearate
Carbon Black
Carbon Fibers
Carboxi Methyl Cellulose
Carrageenan
Catalyst
Cellulose
Cetylpyridinium Chloride
Chmical Dye Intermediate
Chocolate
Citric Acid
Coal Ash Slurry
Cocoa (Dutching)
Cocoa (Processing)
Coffee (Decaffeinating)
D-E-F-G
Dental Adhesive
Dextrose
Dye Intermediates
Enzimes (Temp.Sensitive)
Ethyl Cellulose
Fillers
Fish Meal
Flammable Sludges
Flour (Toasting)
Friction Material
Graphite Filter Cake
H-I-J-K-L
Herbicides
Inks
Inorganic Filler Powders
Iron Oxide Filter Cake
Lead Phthalates/Stearates
Lecithin Oil Extract
Liquid Fungicides
Lithium Fluorite
M-N-O-P
Magnesium Stearates
Metal Binders & Reclaim
Methyl Cellulose
Modifies Protein Powdre
Molibdenum Disulfide

19. Rental Programs
In addition to our Process Development & Testing Programs, our
Rental Program offers a unique opportunity to test our processing
equipment in your own Plant.
Batch Mixing / Processing
Ploughshare Units, both
for atmospheric / vacuum
and Pressure Ops. : From
Table-Top 5 & 20 Lts units
to Pilot 130 Lts. Machines
Larger sizes are available.
W-10 High - Intensity
vertical mixer, for PVC
Compounding and /or
other applications req-
uiring High-Shear Op.
Ten Liters Capacity.
Daymax # Dispersers,
for high quality dispersions
of solids into liquids, such
as plastisol, varnish, paint,
and other applications.
FA-3.5 Mixer, Nauta-Type,
for special mixing / drying
requirements Gallons
Working Capacity.
A portion of the rental cost, under this program, will be applied
to the purchase of any related Littleford Day Equipment.

20. Service & Spare Parts Exclusive Dept. for customer assistance.
Laboratory for formulations & optimization.
Specialized Field Service Engineers.
Stock of common required parts.
Top American Mfrd. Parts: SKF, Falk, Chesterton, etc.,etc.
Assistance in Spanish, if required.
The Best Service Department.
Direct Sales Force. No Reps.
Own Manufacturing Facilities.

21. Process Development & Testing
Main Office: Florence, Ky. Ph.- (606) Fax:
Latin America: Mexico Cy.Ph.- (52-5) Fax:
Minutes away from Greater Cincinnati Airport, Our Lab. Center
is fully equipped with all the required machinery for product
development: Mixers, Dryers, Reactors, Granulators, Intensive
Mixers-Coolers and support equipment such as filtering and
vacuum drying systems.
Cosmetics
Detergents & Soaps
Foundry Additives
Pharmaceutical
Ceramics
Fertilizers/Seeds
Rubber
Mortar Mixes
Brake Linings
Powdered Metals
Herbicides
Flame Retardant Chemicals
Pigments & Color Flushing
BMC & SMC Plastics.
Color Concentrates
PVC Compounding
Coatings
Plastisols
Adhesives & Caulks
Inks & Varnish
ChemicalReactions & Drying
Cellulose Reactions
Spices
Chocolate processing
Gelatin & Powdered drinks
Bakery Mixes
Instantanization
Industrial
Road (1 Mi)
Donaldson Rd.
Turfway Rd.
U.S. 42
Exit 180
Florence
Union
Greater
Cincinnati
Airport
I-275
I-75
To Lexington
To Cincinnati
7451 Empire Drive
Florence, KY
(1/2 Mi)
Technical Center Main Equipment:
FM-130 Mixer/Processor Ploughshare
DVT-130 Polyphase Reactor
KM-150 Continuous Mixer/Processor
M-5 Lab. Mixer & Dryer
W-180/K-300 PVC Compounder
W-10 High Intensity Mixer
Daymax 10 Pastes Disperser
Daymax 100 Pastes Disperser
Mixtruder Sigma Double-Arm Mixer
Mogul Tangential Sigma Mixer
Cincinnatus Overlapping Sigma Mixer
FA-10 Nauta Processor
Bring Us Your Toughest
Mixing, Drying & Reacting
Problems.