1. Social Change in Global Perspective
Chapter 23
Social Change in Global Perspective

2. Chapter Outline What is Social Change? Theories of Social Change
The Causes of Social Change
Modernization
Global Theories of Social Change
Diversity, Globalization and Social Change

3. Characteristics of Social Change
Social change is uneven.
The onset and consequences of social change are often unforeseen.
Social change often creates conflict.
The direction of social change is not random.

4. Functionalist Theory of Social Change
Societies change from simple to complex, from undifferentiated to highly differentiated division of labor.
Technology is the primary cause of social change.

5. Conflict Theory of Social Change
Conflict is an inherent component of social relations.
Economic conflict between social classes is the cause of social change. 

6. Cyclical Theory of Social Change
Societies go through a life cycle or life span.
The necessity for growth is the primary cause of social change.

7. Cyclical Theory: Three Phases
Idealistic culture - society wrestles with the tension between the ideal and the practical.
Ideational culture - emphasizes faith and new forms of spirituality.
Sensate culture - stresses partial approaches to reality and involves the hedonistic.

8. Causes of Social Change
Collective Behavior
Cultural Diffusion
Technological Innovation
Social Movements
Inequality
Population
War

9. Characteristics of Modernization
Decline of small, traditional communities.
Traditional ties of kinship decrease and society experiences feelings of uncertainty and powerlessness.
Decline in importance of religious institutions and people begin to feel they have lost control of their lives.

10. Global Theories of Social Change
Globalization involves increased interconnectedness that can erase or magnify cultural differences.
Modernization Theory - global development is a worldwide process affecting all societies touched by technological change.

11. Global Theories of Social Change
World Systems Theory - nations are members of a worldwide system of unequal political and economic relationships.
Dependency theory - industrialized nations tend to imprison developing nations through trade and debt dependency.

12. Diversity and Social Change
Diversity is both a cause and an effect of social change.
Diversity as a cause of change is exemplified in immigration effects.
Diversity as an effect of change is exemplified by unequal outcomes of modernization on different ethnic groups.