1. Practice and learning
“ a learning programme requires skills to be practiced using repetition and progression to improve movement technique”

2. There are different types of practice methods that can be used in skill learning.
Whether the skill is taught together (whole learning) as one sequence or broken down (subroutines) into different parts (part learning).
Whether the practice is continuous (massed) or spread out (distributed)

3. Whole learning
Whole learning occurs when the skill is taught together “ in one piece”. Some skills need to be learnt as a whole as they can’t be broken down.
The skill is first demonstrated and then practised as a whole, from start to finish.
It helps the learner to get a feel for the skill, timings and end product.
It is best used for fast skills which cannot easily be separated into sub-parts.
It is unsuitable for people with low attention spans, complex or dangerous skills.

4. Part practice The parts of the skill are practiced in isolation.
Useful for complicated and serial skills. 
Good for maintaining motivation and focusing on specific elements of the skill.
“It is possible, however, that the transfer of the skills from parts, to a whole may not be effective and it may also reduce the kinaesthetic awareness (feel) for the full skill”

5. DESCRIBING OVERHEAD CLEAR
PREPERATION
START FREOM BASE
TRACK SHUTTLE AND MOVE TOWARDS IT
TURN BODY SIDE ON
RACKET UP AND BEHIND HEAD
WEIGHT ONTO BACK FOOT
FRONT ARM OUT FOR BALANCE/TRACK SHUTTLE
ACTION
SHOULDER/ARM BROUGHT FORWARD AT SPEED
ACTION RESEMBLES THROWING ACTION
WEIGHT TRANSFERS ONTO FRONT FOOT AT SHUTTLE IMPACT
CONTACT SHUTTLE ABOVE HEAD
STRIKE THROUGH SHUTTLE
RECOVERY
RACKET COMES DOWN AND ACROSS BODY
RETURN TO MIDDLE OF COURT INTO ‘READY’ POSITION WAITING TO RECEIVE NEXT SHOT

6. Whole Learning Vs Part Learning
Good for learning simple skills
Allows skills to be learnt as a whole, giving learner and experience of how the skill feels- kinaesthetic
Used to identify technical faults in the overall skill
Good for learning complex skills.
Allows skills to be broken down into manageable parts, making learning more achievable.
Used to help correct technical faults in technique.

7. Activity In badminton: give an example of a whole practice
Give 3 examples of part practice

8. Massed and Distributed Practice

9. Massed Practice
“ this is practicing a skill without a break and occurs when an activity is repeated continuously over a period of time with very little or no rest”
E.G
Continuously practicing a serve for 20minutes
Performing set plays with a team for 20minutes
Continuously rallying the overhead clear.

10. Massed practice Advantages: Good for learning simple skills
Good when first learning a skill
Allows skill requirements to be reinforced though repetition
Disadvantages:
Performer can become bored by the repetitive nature.
Requires large amounts of concentration and motivation
Can cause fatigue due to no rest

11. Distributed Practice
This is practicing the skill with breaks in between activities. It involves practice sessions in which there is an equal or greater amount of rest between each practice trial.
E.G 2mins work on overhead clear followed by 2mins rest of footwork based activities then repeat.

13. Distributed practice Advantages:
Good for continuous activities that could become tiring
Gives players rest, allowing them to recover and think about how to improve (mental practice).
Maybe more effective than massed practice due to similarity with actual game
Disadvantages: - Can take longer to develop skills, due to lack of repetition compared with massed practice.

14. Activity Types of practice Skill (whole or part)
Practice time (Distributed or Massed)
National level badminton player
Whole
Massed
Beginning badminton player learning how to serve for the first time
Part
PE class practicing a Badminton over head clear they learnt 3 weeks ago.
Distributed
An Un-coordinated PE student trying to master the badminton smash