1. Unit 9 – Miscellaneous – About Computer
Semester 2

2. Unit Outline In this unit, we will learn: Computer System Components
System Unit
Memory
Storage
Input Devices
Output Devices
Computer Network
Network Interface Card
Internet History

3. Unit Outline Types of Software Multimedia Authoring Tools
System Software
Programming Software
Application Software
Multimedia Authoring Tools
Categories of Software
Copyright
Fair Use 3

4. Hardware
Hardware is the tangible, physical equipment that can be seen and touched. For example, keyboard, monitor, system unit, and etc.
The term personal computer usually refers to a microcomputer and all the input, output, storage devices connected to it.

5. Computer System Components
System unit
DVD drive
Floppy disk drive
Speaker
Printer
Monitor
Hard disk drive (inside system unit)
Modem, network card, and sound card (inside system unit)
Keyboard
Mouse

6. System Unit
Is the case that holds the main circuit boards, CPU, power supply, network card, memory and storage devices
System units for most notebook computers hold built-in keyboards and speakers too.

7. Small circuit board with chips for controlling the display device
Slots for small circuit boards, such as a sound card, modem, or network card
Small circuit board with chips for controlling the display device
Circuits etched into motherboard to connect components
Memory chips
Processor chip
Battery
Motherboard
ROM chip

8. Memory
Memory is used to store data, information or programs on a temporary or permanent basis.
Memory requirements of a multimedia project depend on the project's content and scope.

9. Memory Two types of memory: Random Access Memory (RAM)
enables the simultaneously running of many applications
volatile
Read Only Memory (ROM)
The BIOS program that boots up the computer resides in the ROM.
non-volatile 9

10. Storage Hard disk Optical disc Memory card USB flash disk Floppy disk
Magnetic tape
* Storage commonly refers to mass storage.

11. Input Devices Keyboard Mouse Touchscreen Scanner Graphic tablet
Digital camera
Microphone
Magnetic card encoder and reader
Voice recognition system

12. Output Devices Monitor Speaker Projector Printer
Laser printers and inkjet printers are the two most common types of printers.

13. Computer Network
A computer network is composed of multiple computing devices connected together using a telecommunication system for the purpose of sharing data, resources and communication.
A home computer network may consist of two or more computers that share files and a printer using the network.
The size and scalability of any computer network are determined by the hardware used as well as which protocols are being implemented.

14. Computer Network
Protocols are standards concerning the connection, communications and data transfer between two computing devices.
TCP/IP refers to a collection of most commonly used protocols for the Internet. 14

15. Computer Network
Computer networks may be classified according to the scale or extent of reach of the network.
The following is the comparison of network in terms of scale:
PAN < LAN < CAN < MAN < WAN
Personal Area Network (PAN)
A network used for communication among computer devices (including telephones and personal digital assistants) close to one person. The reach of a PAN is typically a few meters. 15

16. Computer Network Local Area Network (LAN) Campus Area Network (CAN)
A network covering a small geographic area, like a home, office, or building.
Campus Area Network (CAN)
A network that connects two or more LANs but that is limited to a specific (possibly private) geographical area such as a college campus, industrial complex, or a military base. 16

17. Computer Network Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
A network that connects two or more LANs or CANs together but does not extend beyond the boundaries of the immediate town, city, or metropolitan area.
Wide Area Network (WAN)
A WAN is a data communications network that covers a relatively broad geographic area (i.e. one country to another and one continent to another continent) and that often uses transmission facilities provided by common carriers, such as telephone companies. 17

18. Computer Network Bandwidth of network
is the amount of data which can be transmitted over a particular segment of a network within a specified amount of time
usually measured in Kilo / Mega bits per second (Kbps / Mbps) 18

19. Network Interface Card
A Network Interface Card (NIC) is an expansion card that is added to a computer to enable it to communicate on a network.
The NIC is responsible for converting the data from the computer into a form which can be sent out the network and vice versa.
The NIC usually has a memory buffer where information is temporarily stored and transmitted to or from the network. 19

20. Internet History
Self-Study Slide
In September 1969, the first node of the ARPANET (funded by the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) of the U.S. Defense Department) was installed at the University of California.
By the mid-1970s, the ARPANET embraced more than 30 universities, military sites, and government contractors, and its user base expanded to include the larger computer science research community. 20

21. Internet History
Self-Study Slide
In 1985, the National Science Foundation (NSF) arranged with ARPA to support a collaboration of supercomputing centers and computer science researchers across the ARPANET.
In 1989, responsibility and management of the ARPANET was officially passed from military interests to the academically oriented NSF. Research organizations and universities became increasingly heavy users of this ever-growing “Internet”. 21

22. Internet History
Self-Study Slide
By the mid-1990s, the Internet included connections to more than 60 countries and more than 2 million host computers with more than 15 million users worldwide. Commercial and business use of the Internet was not permitted until 1992, but businesses have since become its driving force.
By 2001, there were 109, 574, 429 domain hosts and million users of the Internet, representing 6.71 percent of the world’s population. 22

23. Internet History
Self-Study Slide
In 2003, there were 171, 638, 297 domain hosts and more than 550 billion online documents. About 7.3 million documents and web pages were being added every day. 23

24. Software
Software is the intangible set of instructions that tells the computer what to do. This set of instructions is called a software program.
Types of software:
System software
Programming software
Application software 24

25. System Software Helps run the computer hardware and computer system
Includes operating systems, device drivers, diagnostic tools, windowing systems, utilities
Examples: Windows 7, Windows 8.1, OS X Mountain Lion, OS X Mavericks, printer driver, scanner driver 25

26. Programming Software
Provides tools to assist a programmer in writing computer programs and software using different programming languages in a more convenient way
Includes text editors, compilers, interpreters, linkers, debuggers
Examples: C++ compiler, BASIC interpreter 26

27. Application Software
Allows end users to accomplish one or more specific tasks
Includes business software, educational software, medical software, databases, computer games, multimedia authoring tools
Examples: Microsoft Office, flight simulators, Math Blaster 27

28. Multimedia Authoring Tools
Provide the framework for organizing media elements
Provide tools for editing media elements
Are used for designing user interfaces
Some multimedia authoring tools include scripting languages
Some multimedia authoring tools provide a visual programming approach to organize media elements so that non-technical authors can also create sophisticated applications 28

29. Multimedia Authoring Tools
In some multimedia authoring tools, elements and events are organized along a timeline. Developers can write jump statements to any location in a project, thereby adding navigation and interactive control
Examples:
ToolBook Instructor
Tribalmedia iShell
Adobe Authorware
Adobe Flash
Adobe Director 29

30. Categories of Software
Commercial software
Software sold to end consumers, usually under restricted licenses
Trial software
Software that is provided to users without payment on a trial basis
Is usually offered as a trial version with certain features only available after the license is purchased, or as a full version, but for a trial period
Freeware
Software that is available for use at no cost
The author usually restricts one or more rights to copy, distribute, and make derivative works of the software 30

31. Categories of Software
Proprietary software
Software with restrictions on use or private modification, or with restrictions judged to be excessive on copying or publishing of modified or unmodified versions
Public domain software
Software that has been placed in the public domain, in other words there is absolutely no ownership of the intellectual property that the software represents 31

32. Categories of Software
Closed source software
Software whose license does not allow for the release or distribution of the software's source code
Open source software
Software for which the source code and certain other rights normally reserved for copyright holders are provided under a software license that meets the Open Source Definition or that is in the public domain
This permits users to use, change, and improve the software, and to redistribute it in modified or unmodified forms. 32

33. Copyright
Copyright laws are designed to protect intellectual property rights and provide potential monetary rewards for inventiveness and hard work.
Original material is copyright protected.
Copyright law protects all art forms, including electronic art forms.
Copyrights do not cover ideas or facts, only the particular expressions of such. 33

34. Copyright The owner of copyright has the following exclusive rights:
Self-Study Slide
The owner of copyright has the following exclusive rights:
Reproduce the copyrighted work
Prepare derivative work based on the copyrighted work
Distribute copies of the work by sale, rental, lease or lending
Perform the work publicly in case of audiovisual work like drama, musical, motion pictures, etc. and display them publicly including other works like paintings, sculptures, etc. 34

35. Copyright
Self-Study Slide
Assume that all creative endeavors that are not our original work are copyright protected. This is true even if the copyright symbol is not explicitly included.
In additional to or in place of the © symbol, some digital images may include an embedded signature or a digital watermark. An embedded signature or digital watermark cannot be seen when the image is displayed or printed, but it does serve as proof of artistic ownership if needed. So, do not try to get away with merely altering an image! 35

36. Copyright The only time we can alter or manipulate artwork is if:
Self-Study Slide
The only time we can alter or manipulate artwork is if:
We receive permission from the original artist, publisher, or owner of the piece
We create the piece ourselves
The creative work is clearly public domain
The creative work is being used strictly for instructional purposes or falls within the restrictions of fair use 36

37. Fair Use Factors to determine whether a particular case is a fair use:
The purpose and character of the use, including whether such use is of a commercial nature or is for non-profit educational purposes
The nature of the copyrighted work
The amount and substantiality of the portion used in relation to the copyrighted work as a whole
The effect of the use upon the potential market for or value of the copyrighted work 37

38. Reference
Part of this slide set is prepared or/and extracted from the following book:
Multimedia For The Web Revealed, Calleen Coorough & Jim Shuman, Thomson Learning, 2006, ISBN:
This set of slides is for teaching purpose only.
Self-study slide(s) is / are within the scope of the final examination.