1. 1800-1900

2.  Note: This power point presentation is based on reading selections from Students’ Friend. Ideas and topics highlighted in red indicate new information not included in the Students’ Friend reading.

3.   The physical, economic, or political domination or control of another nation New Imperialism-What is it?

4.  What causes or influences Imperialism?  *Nationalism (national pride)  *Social Darwinism (racist attitudes)  *Money (Industrial Revolution & colonies)

5.  Imperialism in India  British East India Company gained control of most of India  British government took over after the Sepoy Rebellion that resulted over religious & cultural differences  Advantages: postal service, telegraph, roads, railroad network, schools, kept peace  Disadvantages: destroyed Indian textile industry, high taxes, pushed cotton growing instead of food=famines

6.  Imperialism in China  British demand for tea and other products drained silver from Britain (trade imbalance).  British pushed opium trade in order to balance trade  Chinese objected, resulted in Opium War in 1839.

7.  Opium War  With superior ships and technology the British won an easy victory.  Chinese under the Qing emperor were forced to pay cost of war and to open new ports to Western ships.

8.  Continued Foreign Pressure in China  Spheres of influence- areas where only one foreign country had the right to trade with the Chinese  Open Door Policy- United States forced all countries to share equal rights to trade in China in 1899

9.   Boxer Rebellion (1900)-A secret society, the Boxers, swore to destroy foreigners and began killing foreigners across China, especially Christian missionaries.  Trapped foreigners in Beijing were rescued by French, German, British, Japanese, Russian, and American troops.  Qing Dynasty forced to give up more ports and pay for huge losses. The dynasty was finally overthrown in 1911. Chinese Reaction to Foreign Pressure

10.  Imperialism in Japan  Tokugawa shogunate attempted to keep out foreign influences.  Americans sent warships and threatened attack unless Japan open its ports to trade with the United States

11.  Tokugawa Shogunate Falls  The Tokugawa shogunate (& feudalism) was overthrown and replaced with a modern centralized government.  Japanese citizens given equal rights.  Emperor (Meiji) restored to god-like power and devotion.  Japan embraces Industrial Revolution & becomes powerful.

12.  Imperialism in Africa  King Leopold II of Belgium hired Henry Stanley to explore Congo River basin and make treaties with African leaders.  This set off a “Scramble for Africa” by European countries which led to the division of Africa without any input from Africans.

13.  Boers & Zulus  Boers, descendants of Dutch farmers, came into contact and conflict with the Zulus.  Boer guns eventually overcame Zulu spears

14.   Africa was carved into countries with boundaries that had nothing to do with cultural groups living there.  Europeans built railroads to remove African resources.  Nearly destroyed African culture and development.

15.  Imperialism in Latin American  The Monroe Doctrine was issued by the United States in 1823.  Closed Americas to any future European colonization

16.  The United States in Latin America  The United States took about half of Mexico’s territory in the Mexican war in 1846.  Latin American countries would gain independence but a white upper class usually kept control.  New wealth from trade and industrialization benefited the elites.

17.   Spanish-American War  U. S. supported Cuban rebels against Spain  Battleship Maine blew up in Havana harbor & Spain was blamed (mistakenly).  U. S. declared war on Spain.  Theodore Roosevelt & Rough Riders  U. S. won war and acquired Puerto Rico, Guam, Philippines. American Imperialism

18.  American Attitude  The United States took control of Hawaii.  Theodore Roosevelt declared the U.S. would take control of any Latin American country that didn’t run it’s government the way the U.S. wanted it to.  Caused resentment

19.  Westernization  Western nations:  Industrialized  Wealthy  Powerful  Aggressive  How could non- Western nations respond?  Isolation (China & Japan)  Fight (Zulus)  Adopt Western ideas, (industrialize, modernize)

20.  Problems  Education was one route to Westernization but there were problems:  Western countries already had factories, workers, and controlled world markets.