1. Chapter 13: North and South 1820-1860 Section: Southern Cotton Kingdom 1 Rise of the Cotton Kingdom -1790 = South was an undeveloped agricul- tural region. -Most lived along East Coast (Atlantic O.) - Upper South = Mary., Virginia, & N. Car. - By 1850, the South had changed. - Population had spread inland. - Deep South = Georgia, SC, Ala., Miss., Louisiana, Missouri, Ark., and Texas. -Economy was thriving. - No slavery in NORTH, but grew STRONGER in South. Cotton Rules the Deep South -European mills wanted Amer. cotton, but it took time and money separate sticky seeds from cotton fibers.

2. Chapter 13: North and South 1820-1860 Section 3: Southern Cotton Kingdom 2 -Eli Whitney – Invented cotton gin in 1793. It removed seeds from cotton fibers. Made it possible to do 50 times the workload than what could be done by hand. Were also portable. The cotton gin lead to a demand for more workers, so more slaves were needed. Parts of the South now changed – In the Upper South farmers grew tobacco, hemp, wheat, and vegetables. Deep South farmers grew cotton and in some areas, rice and sugarcane. -Slaves became more valuable as they were so desperately needed in the Deep South. Upper South became the center of sale and transport of enslaved people.

3. Chapter 13: North and South 1820-1860 Section 3: Southern Cotton Kingdom 3 Industry in the South -Between 1820 and 1860 the economy of the South prospered and much different from the Northern economy. Still rural though. -VERY LITTLE manufacturing in South in the 1850s (ENTIRE SOUTH PRODUCED FEWER MANUFACTURED GOODS THAN THE STATE OF MASSACHUSETTS). Barriers to Industry -Because of the success of agriculture in the South (cotton especially), very few people in the South tried other businesses. -The South also lacked capital – money to invest in businesses. Southerners invested in land and slaves. Southerners were unwilling to change in order to try new businesses.

4. Chapter 13: North and South 1820-1860 Section 3: Southern Cotton Kingdom 4 -Also, the market for manufactured goods in the South was much smaller than in the North. Many of the people of the South were slaves who had no money. Lastly, some Southerners did not want other types of industry in the South. They were content with their cotton, rice, sugar, and tobacco. Southern Factories -Some Southerners DID what to expand their economy, because they felt that if they didn’t they would become too dependent upon the North for manufactured goods. They also believed that trying to manufacture goods would be beneficial for the Upper South, which was less prosperous than the Deep South. William Gregg was such a man as he opened a textile factory in SC in 1844. Joseph Reid did

5. Chapter 13: North and South 1820-1860 Section 3: Southern Cotton Kingdom 5 the same in Richmond, Virginia. He made Tredegar Iron Works one of the nation’s leaders in producing iron. During the Civil War, he provided artillery for the South. By 1860, the South was still largely rural and dependent on cotton. Southern Transportation -Most major towns and cities were located on the coast of along rivers. Few canals and roads were poor. -South had railroads but they were mostly short, local, and didn’t connect to other railroads. -So Southern cities grew much slower than those in the North and Midwest. By 1860 only 1/3 of the nation’s railways were in the South.