1. April 26, 2005NWEN Emerging Trends in Wireless Technologies Jim Grams Mark Phillips Joe McCarthy April 26, 2005 Introduced by Tom Ryan, President, Athena Chiefs www.athenachiefs.com

2. April 26, 2005NWEN Introduction – Tom Ryan, President, Athena Chiefs www.athenachiefs.com - 45 minutes of speaker time - 45 minutes of Q&A - Please hold your questions until all three speakers are finished www.athenachiefs.com

3. April 26, 2005NWEN Jim Grams Recently Departed CTO of Cingular Wireless Mobile Multimedia Group now President, Black Oak Associates www.black-oak-associates.com www.black-oak-associates.com

4. April 26, 2005NWEN Overview Overview of wireless spectrum landscape Detail of “mature” consumer wireless physical layers Opportunity Map for Entrepreneurs Local companies doing wireless Conclusion

5. April 26, 2005NWEN Perspectives Wireless networking is mainstream Multi-dimensional complexity –Fixed vs. mobile –Licensed vs. unlicensed –Wide-area vs. Local-area –Organized networks vs. ad-hoc networks Technology proliferation evident –Creative chaos confuses and invigorates Business considerations –Is the network a business itself? –Is the network simply a capability within another business? –Will content ultimately determine access?

6. Types of Networks Bluetooth-802.15 Infrared, RFID Low cost Short distances Cable Replacement, Cordless telephony in Emerging market < 1 Mbps PAN Personal Area Network GSM/(E)GPRS UMTS/3G 802.20 High cost Long distances 10 to 384 Kbps+ Full mobility, ubiquitous cov., High security, Easy to use WAN Wide Area Network Medium-High cost Med-long distances Fixed, last-mile, low mobility 22+ Mbps 802.11b/a 802.16 LMDS/MMDS MAN Metropolitan Area Network 802.11b 802.11a LAN Local Area Network Medium cost Medium distances Computer-computer and to the Internet, Low mobility, IT Intensive, security issue, NRT services 2 to 54+ Mbps

7. April 26, 2005NWEN 802.16 802.11b/WiFi WLAN/WAN/MAN Data rates and Speed Relationship Source: Public Wireless LAN Access: A Threat (?) to Mobile Operators, Analysis Research, 2001 50 500 1000 10 000 50 000 100 000 Channel Transmission rate (kbit/s Bluetooth Fixed LAN Blackberry (US) Bluetooth 802.11a and HiperLAN2 UMTS/802.20 (E)GPRS GSM Stationary Walking speed Driving speed Nomadic Enhancements (802.16e)

8. April 26, 2005NWEN 802.11 Status IEEE 802.11a/g –2.4 GHz, Non-Line of Sight capable –a is widely deployed, g beginning to appear –Classic “hot-spot” WLAN –Practical range maximum about 300’ IEEE 802.11b –5 GHZ, Non-Line of Sight capable –b is less well deployed, useful if 2.4 GHz is crowded –Practical range maximum about 150’ Combination (a/g or a/b) chipsets appearing Remains the most common WLAN technology

9. April 26, 2005NWEN 802.16 Status IEEE 802.16 –10-66 GHz, Line of Sight capable –Testing completed, commercial chips available –Allows Point to Point networking (backhaul) –Range up to 20 miles (5 mile practical) IEEE 802.16a –2-11 GHz with extensions to 256QAM/OFDM and other features –Allows Non-Line of Sight applications –Published April 2003 –WiMAX forum has taken on testing responsibility IEEE 802.16e –Adding Nomadic “roaming” capabilities

10. April 26, 2005NWEN Mark Phillips President/CEO, A Dot Corporation www.adotcorporation.com www.adotcorporation.com

11. April 26, 2005NWEN Personal Wireless Networks RFID –Very short range (10 meters) sensor technology used to supplement bar-code reader type applications Infrared –Short range, usually line-of-sight, non-RF technology, used mostly for wireless remote control, or wire replacement applications Bluetooth –Personal Area Network technology, with lower layers standardized in 802.15, and network and application layers defined by Bluetooth SIG organization

12. April 26, 2005NWEN New Developments NFC (Near Field Communications) –Short distance, secure, low speed transmission protocol, intended for identification and authorization transactions. –Similar to Bluetooth, but lower bandwidth. Proposed as a “control signal” protocol to facilitate set up of ad- hoc connections using other protocols (e.g. Bluetooth, infrared) for transmission –Pioneered by DoCoMo and Phillips. Nokia says they will add NFC chipsets to their devices in future

13. April 26, 2005NWEN Zigbee Promoted by the ZigBee Alliance Very low power (and low speed) short distance (10m) transmission standard Operates in 868-918 KHz, and 2.4GHz bands using 802.15.4 PAN standards Targets self-configuring, ad-hoc networking between consumer devices (e.g. RC toys, Computer peripherals), sensors and monitors, Low power means low cost and very long (up to years!) battery life making “place and forget” device applications feasible

14. April 26, 2005NWEN Opportunity Map checklist What is the application/product/service? Interoperability with new or existing infrastructure? Cost target? Hardware? Customer? Consumer, Business Infrastructure modes: Broadcast, P2P, Infrastructure Content feeds

15. Local Companies Impinj Trafficgauge Wireless Services Microsoft Smart Personal Objects (MSN Direct) Intermec Wildseed Inrinx CoCo Communications Airbiquity Netmotion Wireless interrelativity m-Qube UI Evolution (now Square Enix) Etc., etc.

16. April 26, 2005NWEN New Ideas Google SMS Vazu – SMS contacts synchronization Inrinx – Wireless Traffic SPOT Watch – wrist top news, sports, weather, IM Ring-tones, porn, and wallpaper Wireless anti-virus, anti-spam Mobile blogs Multi-player mobile games (e.g. hi-tech ‘tag’)

17. April 26, 2005NWEN Conclusions Lots of topologies to pick from No clear applications/business for many of them – unless you make equipment or are an incumbent carrier No clear business model for data subscription, device purchases, blend, minutes, operators, per unit item – phone call, minutes, movie, music? Lots of wireless choices, but lack of clear applications Fragmented device manufactures with low tolerance for radio costs and no operator subsidy business model. And we haven’t even discussed complexity in hardware/software engineering to ship a CE/UL/FCC approved device. Equals much opportunity… A lot of capital is flowing into “Wireless” companies just now –From Feb 1 to Apr 1, 2005, 70 private wireless companies have announced funding totaling $760M. In addition, 87 M&A transactions were announced.

18. April 26, 2005NWEN The Practicalities, Perils and Promise of RFID Joe McCarthy Connector in Chief Interrelativity, Inc http://interrelativity.com http://interrelativity.com

19. April 26, 2005NWEN Outline What is RFID? What is it good for? What are the risks? What is on/over the horizon?

20. April 26, 2005NWEN What is RFID? Si Coil Encapsulation RFID Transponder Radio frequency identification (RFID) is a generic term that is used to describe a system that transmits the identity (in the form of a unique serial number) of an object or person wirelessly, using radio waves. [RFID Journal] [Roy Want, Intel] Computer RFID Interrogator RFID Transponder Energy Clock Data

21. April 26, 2005NWEN “It’s simple, but it isn’t easy”

22. April 26, 2005NWEN Complications Tag size, shape, frequency Passive, semi-passive, active Distance, orientation RF interference (EMI) –Other tags, readers –Other sources of RF –Metal, liquids, … Standards –ISO, EPC Patents Data Format –Writeable tags Interoperability –Tags, readers, backend systems, countries FrequencyCategoryRange 128 kHzLFInches 13.56 MHzHFFeet 915 MHzUHFMeters 2.45 GHzMicrowaveMany meters

23. April 26, 2005NWEN

24. April 26, 2005NWEN EPCglobal Tag Local Host ONS PML Savant Reader Product Remote Host Network EPC TAGS RFID EPC Electronic Product Code ONS Object Name Service PML Physical Markup Language Savant TM Distributed Operating System ALE Application Level Events (devices, data, apps)

25. April 26, 2005NWEN Costs Tags –Passive: $0.20 - $0.40 –Active: $10 - $50 Readers –Passive (UHF): $500 - $3,000 –Active: readers + “signposts” Computers, networking, databases, … Training (mandatory, $5-10K, 1-2 weeks) Forrester Research estimate (for a $12B consumer products company): –$128,000 for consulting and integration –$315,000 for the time of the internal project team –$80,000 for tag and reader testing

26. April 26, 2005NWEN RFID Market IDTechEx –Today: $2B, 1.8B tags (400M passive, 1.4B active) –2008: $7B –2015: $27B, 1 trillion tags –RFID vs. barcodes 5-10B barcodes / year To reach 10B RFIDs / year, need < $0.01 / tag cost (2020) Requires alternate technology, print them off Intellitag PM4i (Intermec) Sabre 1555 (Intermec)

27. April 26, 2005NWEN “Identify any object anywhere automatically”

28. April 26, 2005NWEN Supply Chain Item Case Pallet Container Transport Vessel / Vehicle

29. April 26, 2005NWEN Access Control Buildings Ski resorts Countries Containers

30. April 26, 2005NWEN Asset Tracking Livestock Salmon Pets Beer kegs Airline luggage Documents & Folders At school On the bus At the park

31. April 26, 2005NWEN RFID in Healthcare Equipment Medications Patients Blood Surgical sites

32. April 26, 2005NWEN

33. April 26, 2005NWEN Transactions ExxonMobil SpeedPass MasterCard PayPass Illinois Tollway I-PassPowerPay

34. April 26, 2005NWEN “The innocent have nothing to fear”

35. April 26, 2005NWEN Internet: aggregate electronic data RFID + Internet: aggregate physical world data (!) –Tracking & tracing: people, places & things –Granularity: Item-level vs. supply chain Risks BoycottBenetton.com BoycottGillette.com BoycottTesco.com

36. April 26, 2005NWEN Hacks http://rfid-analysis.org/

37. April 26, 2005NWEN “The future is here, it’s just unevenly distributed

38. April 26, 2005NWEN RFID + Mobile Phones KDDI –RFID readers –Active & Passive NTT DoCoMo n901iC FOMA® –Sony FeliCa chip (+ surround sound, card scanner…)

39. April 26, 2005NWEN RFID + Sensors TempSens –Up to 64 temp. readings –Three modes Interval (2 sec – 18 hrs) Out-of-range events Out-of-range + max/min –Shelf life: up to 18 months –Applications: perishable food, drugs –www.ksw-microtec.de

40. April 26, 2005NWEN RFID + Robots Kobe, Japan –Mobility Support Project Utah State University –Center for Persons with Disabilities

41. April 26, 2005NWEN RFID + People VeriChip (Applied Digital Solutions)

42. April 26, 2005NWEN RFID + Displays Proactive Displays: Large displays with sensors that can detect and respond to people nearby –Awareness & interactions among people in shared spaces –Virtual community  physical community Digital profiles (WWW) Physical tags (RFID) Real-world interactions + =

43. April 26, 2005NWEN Ticket2Talk

44. April 26, 2005NWEN Thanks! / Questions? For more information –http://interrelativity.com/rfid