1. Welcome to IIT and cs115!

2. CS 115 - Secs. 001 Jon Hanrath - 214 SB hanrath@iit.edu www.cs.iit.edu/~cs115hanrath

3. Lecture/Lab: TR 1:00 P.M. –4:00 P.M. SB 108 Lectures will be followed by lab time. Lab assignments are due by the end of class on Thursdays each week.

4. CS Intro Courses CS 105: 1-Semester Requiring Little or No Previous Programming Experience, Programming in C++ CS 115-116: 2-Semester Sequence Assuming Previous Programming Experience, Programming in JAVA, Primarily CS Majors CS 201: 1-Semester Sequence Equivalent of CS105-CS106, Requires Previous Programming Experience, Programming in JAVA

5. CS 115 – Required Textbook and Lab Manual “Java 6 Illuminated: An Active Learning Approach” Second Edition, Anderson and Franceschi

6. CS 115 - Quizzes/Exams & Grading 2 Quizzes – Each 5% of Grade 2 Exams: – Exam I - Lecture Exam - 10% –Exam II - Lecture Exam - 25% Final Exam - 35% Labs - 20% Must Take Final to Pass Course

7. CS115 Labs Labs Assigned in Handout; on Website Labs Consist of a Reading Assignment, and Lab Exercises from Textbook Lab Exercises Comprised of Exercises and Programming Exercises (Located at End of Each Chapter in Textbook) Student Expected to Complete Labs *BEFORE* Lab Section Meets Labs Graded Either 10 (fully completed), 5 (partially completed), or 0 (not completed)

8. Expectations Attendance in Lectures and Labs Completion of Quizzes and Exams Four to Six Hours per Week on Homework Outside Help If Necessary No Cheating Have fun!!

9. Rules No Swearing or Other Inconsiderate Behavior Turn Off Cell Phones, iPads, Laptops Questions, Discussion, Ideas Welcome

10. Excuses If You Will Miss an Exam or Quiz, Make Arrangements **BEFORE** the Exam or Quiz Date Exam, Quiz Dates Already Posted If Emergency: –Doctor/Hospital Note –Family Problem: Contact Info for Parents

11. Unacceptable Excuses Slept Late Felt Sick I’m Just a Freshman Roommate Ate My Alarm Clock/Textbook/Underwear Missed Bus Had a Game/Match/Practice Didn’t Know When Exam/Quiz Was If Any of Above Happen, Get to Class As SOON as Possible!!!

12. CS 115 - Ethics Exams: –Closed Book, Closed Notes, Closed Everything –Nothing in Ears (mp3 players, cell phones, etc.) Labs Should Be Done Independently

13. CS 115 – Where to Get Help www.cs.iit.edu/~cs115hanrath Internet: Search for “JAVA tutorial”, or “JAVA help” GET HELP EARLY RATHER THAN LATER!!!

14. CS 115 – Web Page http://www.cs.iit.edu/~cs115hanrath Click on Syllabus –Weekly Assignments –Quiz and Exam Dates –Lecture Slides –Other Course Information

15. CS115 Labs (Cont) All Labs Assigned from Textbook (Anderson and Franceschi) Work on Labs on Personal PC, or Campus Computers Save.java File(s) to Floppy or flash drive, or send to yourself in email and Bring to Lab Section for Discussion and Questions Hand in assignments by end of class Thursday

16. Course Philosophy Computer Science Side –Problem Solving –Logical Thought –Programming in JAVA “Real World” Side –Human Nature –Corporate World –Surviving during and after College

17. Problem Solving CS 115 Develops Logic Skills to Solve Problems by Writing a Program A Program is a Problem Solving Tool Computers Follow Instructions Given to Them Computers Do Not Have “Intuition” Computers Do Not Make Decisions “on Their Own”

18. Why Use a Program? Computers Perform Tasks Many Times Faster than a Person Computers Are More Consistent than a Person Computers Can Work 24-7

19. Terminology Source Code: the Original Problem-Solving, Logical Solution Written in a Programming Language (e.g. JAVA,.java file) Interpretation: Converting source code into common language (.class file) Compiling: the Action of Turning the Source Code into a Format the Computer Can Use Linking: the Action of Bringing in Already Written Code (Libraries) for Use in a New Program Executable: the Result of Compiling and Linking a Source Program; the “.exe” file that the Computer Can Run

20. JAVA Required Elements Every JAVA Program Must Have: public class MyProgram { public static void main( String [ ] args) { }

21. Your First Program // Jon Hanrath // CS115 // Section 042 public class MyProgram { public static void main( String [ ] args) { System.out.println(“Hello World!!”); System.exit(0); }

22. Write Pseudocode (Design) Translate Pseudocode into JAVA Source Code Edit Code Compile Link Writing a JAVA Program

23. Every Programmer’s Way of Writing Down Steps in Solving a Problem Steps in Creating Pseudocode: –Understand the Problem –Decide How to Solve the Problem –Write the Solution Using a Logical Sequence of Statements Design Issues Apply to almost ANY Vocation What Is Pseudocode?

24. Writing Source Code Source Code Is the Actual Program Code that Will Run Once Compiled and Linked Pseudo Code Should Be Easily Translated into Source Code

25. Compiler Converts Source Code into an Object File or Machine Code Each Change to Source File Requires a Recompilation Compiler Detects Syntax Errors Syntax Error: a Non-Proper, Not Allowable, Sequence of Characters or Words Given a Particular Language

26. Syntax Errors Spelling Errors Examples: –Undefined Variable Name –Unrecognized Keyword Punctuation Errors Examples: –Missing Curly Braces –Missing Semicolons –Malformed Comments Syntax Errors Are Listed at Bottom of Screen When Compilation Is Complete

27. Syntax Errors (Cont) Syntax Errors Are Listed at Bottom of Screen When Compilation Is Completed First Error in Program May “Cause” Other Errors to Show Up General Rule: Fix First Error (and Any Obvious Errors); Then Recompile

28. Linking Links (Connects) Object Code with External Libraries, which Contain Functions (Already Written and Compiled Code) to Use with Another Program

29. Logic Errors – “Bugs” Also Called Semantic or Run-Time Errors Program Compiles, but Doesn’t Produce the Expected Results Examples: –Program Keeps Running Forever (Infinite Loop) –Nothing Happens –Program Output Is Incorrect –Error Message at Run Time (e.g. Dividing by 0) –Errors May Be Intermittent May Be Able to Find Semantic Problems with Debugger

30. Detecting “Bugs” Running Program Should Be Tested Several Times with Different Inputs Test Plan – Series of tests (e.g., inputs) that have predetermined expected outputs. Running Program Should Be Tested Several Times under All Potential Conditions When Errors Detected: Analysis Needed: Debugging Mechanism

31. Test Plan What should the Test Plan contain for a program that accepts numerical input from a user, and outputs the square of the input?

32. JAVA Packages/Libraries Over 2000 Libraries Exist Sometimes Called “Packages” Java.lang Package Automatically Imported Import Statements Above First Class Import Others with import statement import java.util.* //import all classes

33. Comments Comments: Describe a Program // Comment to end of line /* Comment until first occurrence of star slash */ Difficult to Understate Importance of Good Comments Should Be at Beginning of Program (Overall Summary) Should Be Next to Variable Declaration Briefly Describing Uses of Variable Should Be Anywhere in Program Where Unobvious Coding Is Performed

34. Program Format White Space: –Not Recognized by Compiler –Indent (e.g. 3 Spaces) for Each New Function, Selection, or Loop

35. Identifiers Used to Store Values that May Change Every Variable Has a Type : What Kind of Value (e.g., Integer, Floating Point Number, Character) Is Begin Stored Every Variable Has a Value which Is Assigned and Can Be Changed Every Variable Must Be Declared, which Sets Aside Memory for the Storage Location Variables

36. Declaration Normally Comes after a Function Definition Opening Curly Brace: public class MyProgram { public static void main( String [ ] args) { int num1; //variable declaration num1 = 10; // variable assignment // variable output below System.out.println(“num1 is:” + num1); } Declaration Includes Type and the Name of the Variable All Variables Must Be Declared before Being Used Declaring a Variable

37. Variables and Main Memory int num; num = 10; num = 15; num 10 num Main Memory 15 num

38. Storage Location of Data in a Computer Used When a Program Is Running “Wiped Clean” When Computer Rebooted Byte: Basic Unit of Storage (Can Store One Letter of the Alphabet) Kilobyte (KB): 1000 (or 1024) Bytes (Pages of Text) Megabyte (MB): 1,000,000 Bytes (Large Pictures) Gigabyte (GB): 1,000,000,000 Bytes (Music Files, Video Files) Main Memory

39. Initialization: Value Given to Variable at Declaration Assignment: Value Given to Variable in Execution Statement Initialization and Assignment

40. public class MyProgram { public static void main( String [ ] args) { int num1 = 10; //variable initialization System.out.println(“num1 is:” + num1); } Variable Initialization

41. int : Integer Range of Typically –2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647 (machine and compiler dependent) float : Real Number (i.e., integer part, decimal part, and exponent part) Range of Typically (+/-) 10e-45 to 10e38 double : Larger Real Number ((+/-) 10e-324 to 10e308) char : Character Built-In (or Primitive) Data Types for Variables

42. Can Use Letters: Remember That JAVA is Case Sensitive (e.g., NumWidgets Is Not the Same as numwidgets ) Can Use Digits 0-9, $, and Underscore Cannot Start with a Digit Cannot Contain Spaces or Other Characters Cannot Use JAVA Keywords Naming Variables in JAVA: Identifiers

43. Should Use a Meaningful, Descriptive Name so that Variable’s Use Is Easily Understood: Examples: counter, second, minute, length, width Be Consistent with Case; Usually Lower Case with Upper Case for Second Part of Variable Name Examples: averageRainfall, totalStudentGrades, maxBuildingHeight, minPackageWeight; Naming Variables (Cont)

44. Scope: Area of a Program within which a Variable Can Be Referenced Variable Definitions Are Recognized in the Curly Braces in which They Were Defined Variables Declared Outside of Functions Are Recognized from the Point Declaration through the Rest of the Program Variable Scope

45. Constant: An Identifier that Is Initialized to a Value that Cannot Change Usually Declared at Top of Program using Keyword final Standard Naming of Constants Is to Use All Upper Case Letter with or without Underscore between Words All Constants Should Be Initialized Syntax: final int MAXHT = 100; Named Constants

46. Easier to Understand Easier to Modify Example: Compare using Number 5000 in Program versus Constant MAXHT Advantages of Constants

47. public class MyProgram { public static void main( String [ ] args) { final int MAXHT = 100;... currentHeight > MAXHT... bridgeHeight == MAXHT... bridgeHeight + newAddition >= MAXHT... // used MAXHT 223 times in this program } Named Constants

48. Constants Whose values Are Already Known: Characters (Specified Inside Single Quotes): ‘A’, ‘a’, ’5’, ’ ‘, ’\n’ (newline), ’\0’ (NULL Character) Integers: 10, 1345, -34 Float or Double: 2.3, -45.18, 10.6e6 String (Specified Inside Double Quotes): “HELLO”, “What a great deal.”, “5” Literal Constants (Values)

49. Also Known as I/O Output : System.out.println(“Hello World!!”); Input (Scanner): import java.util.Scanner; Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in); scan.nextInt(); scan.nextFloat(); scan.nextDouble(); scan.next(); //String to whitespace scan.nextLine(); // String to end of line All JAVA Statements End in Semicolon ( ; ) Input and Output

50. import java.util.Scanner; public class MyProgram { public static void main( String [ ] args) { Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in); int numEntered; System.out.print(“Enter an integer:”); numEntered = scan.nextInt(); System.out.println(“You entered: “ + numEntered); } Input and Output Example

51. Strings in java.lang package Java.lang imported automatically Characters and Strings

52. Declaration: String yourName; Assigning a Value to a String: yourName = “A. Goose”; String Constants (Values) Must Be Enclosed in Double Quotes JAVA Strings

53. import java.util.Scanner; public class MyProgram { public static void main( String [ ] args) { Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in); String lastname; System.out.print(“Enter last name:”); lastname = scan.next(); System.out.println(“You entered: “ + lastname); } Input String Example

54. Expressions Expression: A Sequence of One or More Identifiers and Operators that Evaluates to a Value Operator: A Symbol Expressing a Way to Modify a Value or Values (e.g., + for Addition) Operand: A Value Being Modified by an Operator Example Expressions: 5 currentHeight currentHeight + 10

55. Arithmetic Expressions Standard Arithmetic Operations Can Be Performed: Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication, Division Standard Arithmetic Operators Can Be Used for These Operations: +, -, *, / Others: % - “Modulo (Mod)” – Remainder after Integer Division -- Decrement (Subtract 1) ++ Increment (Add 1)

56. Order of Operations Precedence: Level of Importance of Operations Multiplicative Operators Have Higher Precedence than Additive Operators: *, /, % Higher +, - Lower Associativity: Order of Operation for Equal Level Precedence Most Operators Have Left-to-Right Associativity Use Parentheses to Force Differing Precedence of Operations

57. Know for the Quiz All Terms (Underlined Items) Variable Declaration, Initialization, and Assignment Constant Declaration Expressions Operators Input (Scanner) and Output (System.out)