1. Town meeting – Helsinki – 17 th September 2007 Overview on EURISOL targets Thierry Stora on behalf of the Target Tasks

2.  = 0.03  = 0.78 Ion sources RFQ 176 MHz HWRs 176MHz Elliptical ISCL 704 MHz 1 GeV/q H-, H+, 3 He++ 1.5 MeV/u 100 keV 60 MeV/q140 MeV/q >200 MeV/q D+, A/q=2 Charge breeder Low-resolution mass-selector UC x target 1+ ion source n-generator  = 0.065  = 0.14  = 0.27  = 0.385 QWR ISCL 88 MHz 3 QWRs ISCL 88 MHz 8 HWRs ISCL 176 MHz Spoke ISCL 264 MHz 20-150 MeV/u (for 132 Sn) To low-energy areas Secondary fragmentation target 4 MW target station  = 0.047 3-spoke ISCL 325 MHz High- resolution mass-selector Bunching RFQ To medium-energy experimental areas  = 0.65 Elliptical ISCL 704 MHz  = 0.09,  = 0.15 H- H+, D+, 3 He++ 9.3- 62.5 MeV/u2.1-19.9 MeV/u To high-energy experimental areas RFQs Charge selector 100kW Direct Target Station (3x)

3. Town meeting - HelsinkiT. Stora, CERN17 th September 2007 Isotopes within EURISOL-DS Be Ar Ni Ga Kr Fr Sn 8 Li 18 Ne 21 Mg 179 Hg 100kW target reference isotopes NuPECC isotopes Key experiment isotopes

4. Town meeting - HelsinkiT. Stora, CERN17 th September 2007 ISOL targets and ion sources 4 4 Targets 4 4 Ion-sources 1 1 Front-end Target materials (30): Refractory oxides and carbides (Al 2 O 3, SiC) Solid metals (Ta, Nb, Mo) Molten metals (Pb, La, Sn). ISOLDE UC x pressed pellets HfO 2 felts  m  m nm/sub-  m SiC  m High density UC x L. Tecchio for Task 4 Ion sources (>5): Surface FEBIAD, ECR RILIS Ta foils

5. Town meeting - HelsinkiT. Stora, CERN17 th September 2007 Beam intensity and target temperature RIB intensity [s -1  A -1 ] Target density [g cm -3 ] Cross section [cm 2 ] Prim. Part. beam Intensity [s -1  A -1 ] Target Atomic Mass [g] Diffus.+Effus. Efficiency Ionization Efficiency Avogadro # Beam transport Efficiency Energy deposition [MeV g -1 cm 2 ] Thermal gradient P=0.1kW/cm2 OxideCarbideMetal graphite T=(1200-2200°C) +  T Release time [s]  0 ~ V y exp(1/T)

6. Town meeting - HelsinkiT. Stora, CERN17 th September 2007 Baseline parameters HEAT: Deposition, transfer ISOTOPE PRODUCTION ISOTOPE RELEASE: Diffusion, effusion ION SOURCE: Efficiency, emittance FLUKA ANSYS Thermal conductivity Target material ageing FLUKA Nuclear cross sections: SigmasWin2000 ABRABLA RIBO RaBIT Specific surface Online tests CPO VORPAL Online tests Emittance meter On-paper Target Unit Design Tests of specific components Prototype test Validation Final Target Unit Design Target station specifications Approach used in Target Tasks (from Task#3)

7. Town meeting - HelsinkiT. Stora, CERN17 th September 2007 Properties high density UCx  =12.6e-6 °C -1 at 2000°C  =0.42 at 2000°C L. Tecchio for Task 4

8. Town meeting - HelsinkiT. Stora, CERN17 th September 2007 Temperatures in the 4MW Hg loop Minimum wall thickness 0.8 mm Through-wall temperature gradient 40 C 210C peak temperature 250C peak temperature Paul Scherrer Institut GF34, 16.9.2007

9. Town meeting - HelsinkiT. Stora, CERN17 th September 2007 Hg converter mockup Flow-Test in IPUL Hg-Loop in March/April 2008 Velocity field measurements, comparison with CFD model Paul Scherrer Institut GF34, 16.9.2007

10. Town meeting - HelsinkiT. Stora, CERN17 th September 2007 10 Beam Optics Container support (Re) Extraction Electrode Body tube Target material (Graphite / Uranium) Target container (Re) To cool down the concrete as well as to evacuate the heat generation from the target Insulator (BeO) MAFF design 15g of U235 Y. Kadi for Task 2 and MAFF approach (C. Kharoua P32)

11. Town meeting - HelsinkiT. Stora, CERN17 th September 2007 3750°C >> Melting Point !! 1700 °C 100kW oxide target benchmark 100 W/cm 3 10 W/cm 3 1 W/cm 3 Al 2 O 3 Heat deposition, FLUKA,  =7mm, R=3 , 1GeV p, 100kW, X=200g/cm 2 Heat transfer, ANSYS wb 10.0 Radiative cooling towards T=25ºC 100 kW =1-4 W/mK Oxides are thermal insulators

12. Town meeting - HelsinkiT. Stora, CERN17 th September 2007 100kW Solid target benchmarks

13. Town meeting - HelsinkiT. Stora, CERN17 th September 2007 Double effusion line prototype (E. Bouquerel, L. Penescu) Heat screen Bellows ISOLDE cold FEBIAD MK7 Ion source Cu body 2 pneumatic valves RIB 1.4GeV protons 2xwater cooled transfer lines 2x20cm containers

14. Town meeting - HelsinkiT. Stora, CERN17 th September 2007 CaO344 online Apr 2007 Experimental data O: Open F: Closed 35Ar E. Bouquerel, L. Penescu, E. Barbero, D. Carminati, R. Catherall, B. Crepieux, J. Lettry, S. Marzari, E. Noah, T. Stora, R. Wilfinger Closed valve leak rate : 0.3% Ratio 34 Ar : 95% (OO)/(OF+FO) 35 Ar : 83% Symmetry : 34 Ar : 94% (FO)/(OF) 35 Ar : 92% Ion source efficiency : (FO or OF) Ar : 5.1% (OO) Ar : 4.9% Poster P25 E. Bouquerel, L. Penescu et al.

15. Town meeting - HelsinkiT. Stora, CERN17 th September 2007 Oxide target material Niobium / Al 2 O 3 composite under development Al 2 O 3 Nb Al 2 O 3 Nb x (Nb) [mm] T=30°C p 1GeV 25kW T= 1300°C +  T 200 400 0.51 (S. Fernandes, S. Mathot) (Courtesy Of TS-MME)

16. Town meeting - HelsinkiT. Stora, CERN17 th September 2007 Beam steering Is key for –Isotope production (increase) –Thermal loads (decrease) –Fatigue aspects (decrease) R. Wilfinger, L. Bruno

17. Town meeting - HelsinkiT. Stora, CERN17 th September 2007 100kW oxide target design Prototype test preparation at TRIUMF Proton E=0.5 GeV, Pmax= 50 kW wobbling envisaged

18. Town meeting - HelsinkiT. Stora, CERN17 th September 2007 SiC353 online May 2007 Sample description Bulk density (g/cm 3 ) Average total porosity (%) Average grain size (  m) SiC Starfire (CIP + Infiltration) 2.420 0.3 0.7 SiC SG Saint –Gobain (CIP) 1.2620.6 5  m  m Best 21 Mg and 22 Mg yields (x3) at ISOLDE, maintained 2e18 pulsed protons (6e18p for 17 F) Post irradiation analysis of SiC334 started (S. Fernandes)

19. Town meeting - HelsinkiT. Stora, CERN17 th September 2007 TARPIPE (S. Marzari, E. Noah, R. Wilfinger E. Manfrin, A. Kalt, I. Guenter, L. Zanini)

20. Town meeting - HelsinkiT. Stora, CERN17 th September 2007 TARPIPE started Apr. 2007 at PSI Level 4 : 3906  A.hr Level 3 : 3237  A.hr Next irradiation Nov. 2007 (for level 2 and 1)

21. Town meeting - HelsinkiT. Stora, CERN17 th September 2007 Target building Schematic vertical layout A schematic layout of the target building has been worked out and validated by a preliminary radiation safety study. The design foresees a heavily shielded target pit. The corridor and neighboring areas are accessible during operation. No show-stopper has been identified so far. Proton Beam Level P beam Target Handling Level Secondary Beam Hot Cell Surface level Operator‘s room Service Room (target handling) Accessible Primary beam tunnel Iron Accessible (Separator, etc.) 4.5 m Experim. Area Level 4 m 2.8 m 2nd cont. 3rd cont. 1 m Front-end retracts vertically into the hot-cell for target exchange and repair. (L. Bruno) Dump 1st 5.5 m Concrete Shielding

22. Town meeting - HelsinkiT. Stora, CERN17 th September 2007 Target building Schematic vertical layout L. Bruno

23. Town meeting - HelsinkiT. Stora, CERN17 th September 2007 Target building Accessibility After every run the access to the hot-cell area is granted for several hours. [H*(10) <10 microSv/h ]. On the contrary, the proton beam level is accessible only for relatively short duration. T. Otto Poster P42 Task5

24. Town meeting - HelsinkiT. Stora, CERN17 th September 2007 Molten metal target design (E. Noah)

25. Town meeting - HelsinkiT. Stora, CERN17 th September 2007 Design based on LiSoR Pb/Bi loop at PSI 30kW heat exchanger (LBE/diphyl & Diphyl/water) 0.2l/s Induction pump Storage tank LiSoR loop at PSI

26. Town meeting - HelsinkiT. Stora, CERN17 th September 2007 Diffusion cell & Effect of beam time structure Diffusion Chamber yet to be designed Poster P34 E. Noah et al. No problem of proton induced splashing detected

27. Town meeting - HelsinkiT. Stora, CERN17 th September 2007 Milestones (task3) M1.1-4.1 (feasibility) : Done 20 M1.2 : Pending M2.2 -2.4 (designs) : Done or drafted –  beam : poster P38 Mitrofanov Semen M1.3 ( SiC test ) : Done 27 (UCx pending) M2.3 ( TARPIPE) : started 26 - 33% M3.3 ( oxide@TRIUMF) : planed 37 - 50% M4.3 (“bivalve” test) : Done 26 M1.4 &4.4 : planed 33 - 80% Estimation: 10 12 18 Ne/s 200kW, 13MeV