1. ETW FRQs II

2. IIA. (Sig of educ from econ dev) (1 pt for each impact and explanation; 2 pts total) Education is significant in determining the level of development of a country. Educated workforce Common language, language skills Stimulates publishing industry Reduces corruption Increase logical thinking and tech experience Develop human potential of country to create diverse economy

3. IIB. (Sig of educ from demogr dev) (1 pt for each impact and explanation; 2 pts total) Women with more ed have greater chance of entering work force and delaying or avoiding childbearing; slows NIR, TFR Women may gain more access to family planning, reproductive rights

4. IIC (Sig of educ from life expectancy) (1 pt for each impact and explanation; 2 pts total) Reducing birthrate increases longevity for women Generally more understanding of transmission of diseases, better diet, household safety Associated with less smoking and other harmful behaviors Some studies show ½ year longer life with each year of school

5. IID (North-South) Regions with higher HDI lie to north of so- called Brandt line (which dips down to include Australia and New Zealand)

6. IIE (Core-Periphery) From polar perspective, seen as inner ring- outer-ring Much of world’s GDP, highest education levels, longest life expectancy are in inner ring. Controls much of world economy, popular culture, mass media, transportation Outer ring provides minerals, food, low-cost labor

7. III A Capital Energy Labor Raw materials (mineral, vegetable, animal) Flat land Climate Recreational, cultural attractions

8. IIIB Capital – high-tech companies closer to banks even though market is worldwide Transportation costs less of factor than personal relationships and site inspections for investors and loan officers

9. IIIB Energy – aluminum refinery locate in areas of cheap hydroelectricity even if far from mine and market; need huge amounts of electricity

10. IIIB Labor – textile manufacturing located in areas of cheap labor since industry is labor intensive China ½ of world’s cotton fabric production India ¼ of world’s cotton fabric production Maquiladoras, outsourcing High-tech close to major universities or research facilities for large pool of scientific and technical labor skills Avoidance of strong labor union areas Call centers in English-speaking LDCs