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SOUTH AMERICA II (CHAPTER 5: 251-277)
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REGIONS OF THE REALM Caribbean North Brazil Andean West Southern Cone
Colombia Venezuela Guyana Suriname French Guiana Brazil Andean West Peru Ecuador Bolivia Southern Cone Argentina Chile Uruguay Paraguay
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BRAZIL South America’s Giant World rankings Population size - 5th
Territory - 5th Economy - 8th Industrial base - 8th
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BRAZIL CONTAINS HALF THE CONTINENT’S LAND AND PEOPLE
A FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF 26 STATES ETHNIC DIVERSITY - MIXTURE OF EUROPEAN, AFRICAN, AND AMERINDIAN PEOPLES PORTUGUESE - SPEAKING & ROMAN CATHOLIC ADHERENTS SUBSTANTIAL MINERAL RESOURCES: IRON, ALUMINUM ORE, MANGANESE, OIL, AND GAS
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A Two Class System? GNP per capita-$4,630
Largest income gap in the realm Wealthiest 10% of the population... own 2/3 of the land control over 50% of the country’s wealth Poverty has increased by 50% since 1980
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BRAZIL (CONTINUED) GREAT CITIES DEVELOPING THE AMAZON
RIO DE JANEIRO - CULTURAL FOCUS SAO PAULO - INDUSTRIAL HUB BRASILIA - A “FORWARD CAPITAL” DEVELOPING THE AMAZON “GROWTH POLE” CONCEPT ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS
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FORWARD CAPITAL CAPITAL CITY POSITIONED IN A CONTESTED OR POTENTIALLY CONTESTED TERRITORY USUALLY NEAR AN INTERNATIONAL BORDER CONFIRMS THE STATE’S DETERMINATION TO MAINTAIN ITS PRESENCE IN THE TERRITORY UNDER CONTENTION ST PETERSBURG, RUSSIA ISLAMABAD, PAKISTAN BRASILIA, BRAZIL (INTERNAL FRONTIER – “GROWTH POLE CONCEPT”)
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FORWARD CAPITAL - BRASILIA
Is the capital city positioned in a contested or potentially contested territory? Is it near an international border? Does it confirm the state’s intent to maintain its presence in the territory under contention?
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GROWTH POLE THEORY AIMS TO PROMOTE GROWTH IN THE HINTERLANDS
AUGMENTED BY INVESTMENT SUPPORT IN AN ATTEMPT TO SPREAD ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES AND BENEFITS CREATE JOBS IN DEPRESSED AREAS REDUCE UNEVEN CONCENTRATIONS OF WEALTH DECENTRALIZE INDUSTRY SETS OFF “RIPPLES” OF DEVELOPMENT
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Sao Paulo Status of separate state because of its success
Leading industrial producer Agricultural production and expansion coffee orange juice soybeans
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GDP TOTAL LAND AREA POPULATION INDUSTRIAL OUTPUT Sao Paulo All Others
3% 57% Sao Paulo All Others 43% 97% TOTAL LAND AREA GDP Sao Paulo All Others Sao Paulo 55% 76% 24% All Others 45% POPULATION INDUSTRIAL OUTPUT
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SAO PAULO’S SUCCESS STORY
Fazendas revenues Immigration skilled labor Relative location ores from Minas Gerais hydroelectric power port of Santos
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THE NORTH (CARIBBEAN SOUTH AMERICA)
VENEZUELA, COLOMBIA, GUYANA, SURINAME, FRENCH GUIANA REGIONAL CHARACTER: COASTAL LOCATIONS, EARLY EUROPEAN PLANTATION DEVELOPMENT, FORCED MIGRATION OF BLACK LABORERS VENEZUELA MILLION PEOPLE OIL FROM LAKE MARACAIBO IS CHIEF RESOURCE CARACUS & VALENCIA - KEY CITIES
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CARIBBEAN SOUTH AMERICA (CONTINUED)
COLOMBIA MILLION PEOPLE COFFEE, OIL & COAL - MAJOR EXPORTS COCAINE - LEADING ECONOMIC ACTIVITY TORN BY INTERNAL VIOLENCE BOGOTA & MEDELLIN - KEY CITIES THE GUIANAS (FRENCH GUIANA, GUYANA, SURINAME) - POPULATIONS< 1.5 MILLION ETHNICALLY DIVERSE POVERTY STRICKEN FACE ENVIRONMENTAL CRISIS
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THE NORTH (CARIBBEAN SOUTH AMERICA)
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THE WEST (ANDEAN SOUTH AMERICA)
PERU, ECUADOR, BOLIVIA REGIONAL CHARACTER: AMERINDIAN POPULATIONS, SUBSISTENCE AGRICULTURE, MOUNTAINOUS ENVIRONMENTS, POVERTY PERU MILLION PEOPLE LIMA IS ITS PRIMATE CITY ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES - FISHING, IRRIGATED AGRICULTURE, SUGAR, COTTON, RICE, FRUIT, OIL, MINERALS (AN EMERGING ECONOMY!)
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ANDEAN SOUTH AMERICA (CONTINUED)
ECUADOR MILLION PEOPLE MAIN EXPORTS: OIL, COFFEE, CACAO, BANANAS GUAYAQUIL - LARGEST CITY AND COMMERCIAL CENTER QUITO - CAPITAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE CENTER BOLIVIA MILLION PEOPLE (DISPERSED) LANDLOCKED MAIN EXPORTS: TIN AND ZINC
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THE WEST (ANDEAN SOUTH AMERICA)
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THE SOUTH (MID-LATITUDE SOUTH AMERICA)
THE SOUTHERN CONE: ARGENTINA, CHILE, PARAGUAY, URUGUAY HEART OF EUROPEAN-COMMERCIAL CULTURE SPHERE ARGENTINA MILLION PEOPLE 90% URBANIZED, PERIPHERAL BUENOS AIRES (12.9 MILLION) - A CLASSIC PRIMATE CITY EXPORTS: CEREALS, MEATS, VEGETABLE OILS
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THE SOUTH: MID-LATITUDE SOUTH AMERICA (CONTINUED)
URUGUAY MILLION PEOPLE MONTEVIDEO - CLASSIC PRIMATE CITY MOST EUROPEAN OF SOUTH AMERICAN COUNTRIES EXPORTS: HIDES, MEATS,TEXTILES PARAGUAY MILLION 95% MESTIZO LANDLOCKED LOCATION CHILE- AN “ELONGATED STATE” EXPORTS: COPPER AND NITRATES
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THE SOUTH (SOUTHERN CONE)
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SOUTH AMERICA II (CHAPTER 5: 251-277)
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