1. SOUTH AMERICA (CHAPTER 5: 222-233)

2. MAJOR GEOGRAPHIC QUALITIES
PHYSIOGRAPHY IS DOMINATED BY THE ANDES MOUNTAINS S AND THE AMAZON BASIN.
POPULATION IS CONCENTRATED ALONG THE PERIPHERY.
CULTURAL PLURALISM EXISTS IN MOST COUNTRIES AND IS EXPRESSED REGIONALLY.
REGIONAL ECONOMIC INTERACTION HAS BEEN MINIMAL IN THE PAST.

3. PLATE TECTONICS

4. PHYSICAL
ENVIRONMENT

5. PRECIPITATION

6. THE INCA EMPIRE
CULTURE HEARTH-INTERMONTANE BASIN AROUND CUZCO ( A.D.)
ALTIPLANOS WERE KEY TO SETTLEMENT PATTERNS.
20 MILLION SUBJECTS AT ITS ZENITH
TRANSPORTATION NETWORKS AND INTEGRATION EFFORTS WERE MOST IMPRESSIVE.
A HIGHLY CENTRALIZED STATE

7. INDIGENOUS PEOPLES
&
COLONIAL DOMAINS

8. SOUTH AMERICA’S
CULTURE SPHERES

9. CULTURE SPHERES Tropical-plantation Resembles Middle America’s Rimland
Locations, soils, & tropical climates favor plantation crops, especially sugar.
Initially relied on African slave labor

10. CULTURE SPHERES European-commercial
The most “Latin” part of South America
Includes the Pampas - temperate grasslands
Economically most advanced
Transportation networks and quality of life are excellent.

11. CULTURE SPHERES Amerind-subsistence
Correlates with the former Inca Empire
Feudal socioeconomic structure persists
Includes some of South America’s poorest areas
Subsistence agriculture must contend with difficult environmental challenges.

12. CULTURE SPHERES Mestizo-transitional
Surrounds the Amerindian-subsistence region
A zone of mixture- culturally & agriculturally
Transitional -- economic connotations

13. CULTURE SPHERES Undifferentiated
Characteristics are difficult to classify.
Sparsely populated
Isolation and lack of change- notable features
Development of Amazonia may prompt significant changes.

14. SOUTH AMERICA’S CULTURE SPHERES
Tropical-plantation
European-commercial
Amerind-subsistence
Mestizo-transitional
Undifferentiated

15. ECONOMIC INTEGRATION MERCOSUR ANDEAN COMMUNITY LAUNCHED IN 1995
A SOUTHERN CONE COMMON MARKET
INCLUDES BRAZIL, ARGENTINA, URUGUAY, AND PARAGUAY
ANDEAN COMMUNITY
INITIALLY FORMED IN 1969 (ANDEAN PACT)
RESTARTED IN 1995
MEMBERS ARE VENEZUELA, COLOMBIA, PERU, ECUADOR, AND BOLIVIA

16. ECONOMIC INTEGRATION (CONTINUED)
GROUP OF THREE (G-3)
FORMED IN 1995
INCLUDES MEXICO, VENEZUELA, AND COLOMBIA
A FREE TRADE ASSOCIATION WHICH AIMS TO PHASE OUT ALL TARIFFS BY 2005
NAFTA
LAUNCHED BY THE US, MEXICO, AND CANADA IN 1994
SEEKING TO EXPAND INTO SOUTH AMERICA TO INCLUDE CHILE

17. POLITICAL
MAP

18. URBANIZATION
THE MOVEMENT TO AND CLUSTERING OF PEOPLE IN TOWNS AND CITIES
THE PERCENTAGE OF A COUNTRY’S POPULATION LIVING IN CITIES
79% - CONTINENT-WIDE IN SOUTH AMERICA
SOUTH AMERICA’S INCREASE BASED ON RATE OF “NATURAL INCREASE” AND INTERNAL MIGRATION
THE “LATIN AMERICAN CITY” MODEL

19. GENERALIZED MODEL OF THE LATIN AMERICAN CITY
Commercial/Industrial
CBD
Commercial
Spine

20. GENERALIZED MODEL OF THE LATIN AMERICAN CITY
Commercial/Industrial
Elite Residential Sector
CBD

21. GENERALIZED MODEL OF THE LATIN AMERICAN CITY
Commercial/Industrial
Elite Residential Sector
Zone of Maturity
CBD

22. GENERALIZED MODEL OF THE LATIN AMERICAN CITY
Commercial/Industrial
Elite Residential Sector
Zone of Maturity
CBD
Zone in Situ Accretion

23. GENERALIZED MODEL OF THE LATIN AMERICAN CITY
Commercial/Industrial
Elite Residential Sector
Zone of Maturity
CBD
Zone in Situ Accretion
Zone of peripheral
squatter settlements

24. GENERALIZED MODEL OF THE LATIN AMERICAN CITY
Commercial/Industrial
Elite Residential Sector
Disamenity
Disamenity
Zone of Maturity
CBD
Zone in Situ Accretion
Zone of peripheral
squatter settlements

26. POPULATION
CARTOGRAM

27. SOUTH AMERICA (CHAPTER 5: 222-233)