1. A lesson in effective leadership elements, traits, and styles

2. Basic Elements of Leadership
Leadership is the art of influencing and directing people to accomplish the mission Being a leader means more than winning an election or receiving a title A leader directs others toward a common goal Any member can be a leader when he or she influences the others to help the group reach its goal
Chapter 7, Lesson 1

3. The Air Force Leadership Concept
The Air Force’s concept of leadership has two elements:
the mission
and the people who must carry out the mission
Chapter 7, Lesson 1
Photo courtesy of U.S. Air Force Officer Opportunities

4. The Air Force Leadership Concept
Mission—The primary task of an organization is to perform its mission
The leader’s primary responsibility is to lead team members to carry out the mission successfully
Yet a leader must never forget the importance of the team’s people
Chapter 7, Lesson 1

5. The Air Force Leadership Concept
People—People perform the mission
They are the heart of the organization
Without their support, any team will fail
A leader’s responsibilities include caring for and supporting team members
Chapter 7, Lesson 1
Photo Courtesy of Ilene Perlmam

6. Traits of Effective Leaders
Effective leaders have certain traits that make up the foundation of their approach to their work
These traits form their character
Your character defines you as a leader
Chapter 7, Lesson 2

7. Six Traits of Effective Leaders
Many traits go into building a strong character
For you, as a future leader, six traits are essential:
Chapter 7, Lesson 2

8. Integrity
Having integrity means establishing a set of values and adhering to them
Integrity means being a whole person—in mind, body, and spirit
Integrity is a total commitment to the highest personal and professional standards
Chapter 7, Lesson 2

9. Loyalty
Loyalty is faithfulness or allegiance—to superiors, peers, and subordinates
Leaders must display loyalty to their team members before they can expect members to be loyal to them
Chapter 7, Lesson 2
Photo courtesy of Ilene Perlman

10. Commitment Dedicated service is the hallmark of the leader
A leader must demonstrate total dedication to the United States, the Air Force, and the team
This commitment sets an example for team members
Commitment is contagious
Chapter 7, Lesson 2

11. Energy Energy is an enthusiasm and drive to take the initiative
Throughout history, successful leaders have demonstrated both mental and physical energy
They approached assigned tasks aggressively
They had the perseverance and stamina to stay the course
Gra
Chapter 7, Lesson 2
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12. Decisiveness Decisiveness is a willingness to act
A leader must make timely decisions and then effectively communicate those decisions to the team
Decisiveness includes the willingness to accept responsibility for one’s actions
Chapter 7, Lesson 2

13. Selflessness
Selflessness is the ability to sacrifice personal needs and wants for a greater cause
Leaders put accomplishing their mission and caring for their people before their own welfare or desires
Willingness to sacrifice is essential to military service
Chapter 7, Lesson 2

14. Selflessness
Selflessness includes the courage to face and overcome difficulties and physical dangers
It also includes the need to make difficult decisions— this is moral courage
Chapter 7, Lesson 2
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15. Commitment in a Leader nthusiasm nergy mpathy
Probably nothing is as important in a leader as commitment to the job
Indicators of a strong personal commitment in a leader are the
“3 Es”:
Chapter 7, Lesson 2
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16. Commitment in a Leader
These three forces (“3 Es”) define you as a leader and keep you motivated to lead
Without them, you’d find no flavor or color in your work
It would be “just a job”
Chapter 7, Lesson 2
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17. Enthusiasm
Enthusiasm is great excitement for and interest in a subject or cause
It’s the underlying force that pushes people to become leaders
Try as you might, it’s hard to find a successful unenthusiastic leader
Chapter 7, Lesson 2

18. Energy and Personality
Energy as a character trait is the willingness to take on a job and see it to completion
But leaders also have another kind of energy—the energy of personality
Leaders are serious about their individuality—they are not comfortable following the herd
Chapter 7, Lesson 2

19. Empathy Empathy is the ability to show compassion for people
It’s the capacity to feel what others feel and to act on that solidarity
Chapter 7, Lesson 2
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20. Empathy
People who show empathy can usually see beneath the surface to the root causes of problems
Good leaders empathize with their team members
Empathy inspires trust
Chapter 7, Lesson 2
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21. Knowing Yourself and Your Role
To be a successful leader, you must recognize your strengths or abilities, as well as your limitations
You must then build on your strengths and try to overcome your weaknesses
As a leader, you must understand your own role
Chapter 7, Lesson 3

22. Knowing Yourself and Your Role
You must also understand how your team contributes to the overall mission of the organization
Finally, you must make sure that each team member understands how his or her role relates to the mission
Chapter 7, Lesson 3
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23. Setting the Example
Setting an example means giving people a strong model to imitate
As a leader, you must set the standard for your team by your actions as well as your words
If you are arrogant or domineering, you will command little respect
Chapter 7, Lesson 3
Photo courtesy of Ilene Perlman

24. Setting the Example
Self-control is also essential—a leader who cannot control himself or herself cannot control others
Lack of self-discipline in a leader destroys the team’s unity and its ability to perform
Chapter 7, Lesson 3

25. Motivate
A leader’s greatest challenge is to motivate team members to achieve the high standards set for them
The ability to generate enthusiasm about the mission may be the single most important factor in leadership
Chapter 7, Lesson 3
Photo courtesy of Ilene Perlman

26. Leadership Behavior
Becoming a good leader requires training and practice
It’s helpful to understand the difference between leadership and management:
Leadership is the art of influencing and directing people to accomplish the mission
Management is supervising the use of resources to achieve team objectives
In essence, you lead people, and you manage things
Chapter 8, Lesson 1

27. How Does a Leader Get People to Accomplish a Mission?
The leader must base his or her approach on the situation
Situational leadership is a leadership model based on the concept that there is no single best way to influence and lead people
Two orientations on the leader’s part—orientation toward people and orientation toward task—are key to understanding situational leadership
Chapter 8, Lesson 1

28. Orientation Toward Task
Task behavior is the leader’s involvement in defining the duties and responsibilities of an individual or a group
Task behaviors include directing team members on what to do, how to do it, and when to do it
Chapter 8, Lesson 1
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29. Four Leadership Styles
The Leadership Grid
Supporting - S3
High Supportive Behavior
Low Directive Behavior
Coaching - S2
High Directive Behavior
Delegating - S4
Low Supportive Behavior
Low Directing Behavior
Directing - S1
Chapter 8, Lesson 1

30. Directing (Style 1) The leader provides specific instructions
Closely supervises team members as they perform their tasks
High task orientation and a low relationship orientation
People lack competence but are enthusiastic and committed
Chapter 8, Lesson 1

31. Directing (Style 1) Typical telling behaviors include:
directing others what to do
supervising them closely
following up to ensure they complete their tasks
Chapter 8, Lesson 1

32. Coaching (Style 2)
The leader closely supervises task completion and following up
Provides explanations and opportunities for clarification from team members
People who have some competence but lack commitment
Chapter 8, Lesson 1

33. Coaching (Style 2) supervising closely following up
Typical selling behaviors include:
supervising closely
following up
explaining relationships between tasks and team goals
encouraging questions
supporting progress
Chapter 8, Lesson 1
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34. Supporting (Style 3)
The leader helps and supports team members’ efforts toward completing the task by sharing ideas and responsibility for decision making with his or her team members
People who have competence but lack confidence or motivation
Chapter 8, Lesson 1

35. Supporting (Style 3) Participating behaviors include:
asking team members for ideas
listening
encouraging others to try out their ideas
allowing others to structure their tasks
sharing control and accountability
Chapter 8, Lesson 1
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36. Delegating (Style 4)
The leader turns responsibility for decision making, problem solving, and implementation over to team members
People who have both competence and commitment
Chapter 8, Lesson 1

37. Delegating (Style 4) Delegating behaviors include:
setting task boundaries
letting others make their own decisions
allowing members to chart their own courses of action
giving group members the freedom they need to do the job well
providing help when asked
monitoring progress
Chapter 8, Lesson 1

38. Situational Leadership Model

39. Tuckman’s Model – Team Dynamics
Forming
Storming
Norming
Performing

40. Drucker’s Teams
Baseball – Players play in fixed positions, but don’t play as a team. Football – Players play on the team, but one position has to be effective for the team’s success. Tennis Doubles Team – Best Type of Team – Players use strengths and weaknesses to overcome difficulties.

41. Situations and Team Capabilities
Followership
Ability
Willingness
Confidence
Proactive

42. The Importance of Good Followership
“Before you can lead, you have to learn to follow” Followership is displaying the attitudes, behaviors, and actions that help a leader succeed at leading A dynamic follower who shares the leader’s goals and values is an invaluable team member
Chapter 8, Lesson 2

43. The Follower Relationship
Throughout your life you will be a follower in one role or another For example, on a sports team, you follow the lead of the captain or coach
Photo courtesy of Thinkstock Images
Chapter 8, Lesson 2

44. The Follower Relationship
The relationship between follower and leader sometimes blurs
During a single day, a team member’s role might flip back and forth from leader to follower
A group of business leaders was asked to list traits they looked for in leaders and followers. The traits they chose were similar:
Leader: honest, competent, forward-looking, inspiring
Follower: honest, competent, dependable, cooperative
Chapter 8, Lesson 2

45. Followers Have Power
As a member of a group, you probably possess certain skills or knowledge that no one else does To the degree that the team needs your knowledge and skills, you as a follower can exert considerable power Your skill may even be the power of your personality
Chapter 8, Lesson 2

46. The Readiness Factors of Followers
Readiness is how prepared a team member is to carry out a particular task or tasks Team members are at different levels of readiness as they face each task The leader’s job is to help followers gain the knowledge and skills they need to perform at the highest level they can
Chapter 8, Lesson 2

47. The Readiness Factors of Followers
Three factors determine readiness:
ability
willingness
confidence
Photo courtesy of Ilene Perlman
Chapter 8, Lesson 2

48. Ability of Followers
Ability is the knowledge, experience, and skill a team member or a team brings to a task If you are a leader, first consider the task you will be assigning and its desired outcome Then decide which followers are best suited, by knowledge, skill, and experience, to handle that task
Chapter 8, Lesson 2

49. Willingness of Followers
Willingness is the degree to which a team member or a team shows confidence, commitment, and motivation to accomplish a task Willingness consists of the ability to do the work, a sense of duty in doing it, and a desire to do it Ability and willingness work in tandem
Chapter 8, Lesson 2

50. Confidence of Followers
As team members learn more and become more competent, their confidence level will increase Confidence is a team member’s level of energy, enthusiasm, and commitment As a leader, you must be aware of your followers’ changing levels of confidence and competence
Chapter 8, Lesson 2