1. Working with GPS Stephen M. Kiama (MSc) [Geo-information Specialist]

2. Outline Overview of Typical GPS. Getting started with Garmin GPSmap 76 Collecting GPS data in the field –Collecting GPS data as Waypoints Improving accuracy Deleting Waypoints –Collecting GPS data as Tracks Area calculation Clearing Track Log Using GPS data –DNR Garmin –Connecting the GPS to computer –Downloading GPS data –Saving downloaded data Navigating with Garmin GPSmap 76

3. Overview of Typical GPS: Garmin GPSmap 76

4. Button Display

5. The five pages of GPSmap 76 Use Page or Quit to switch between these pages

6. Screens

7. Screens…

8. Screens

9. Getting Started with Garmin GPSmap 76 Setup

10. Setup… Setup page has a number of tabs (General, Time, Units, Locations, Alarms, and Interface) For each tab, use the following procedure change setup values to those desired. –Use Rocker Key to move left or right to the desired tab. –Use ROCKER Key to move to desired field. Press ENTER. –Use ROKER Key to select the correct setting. Press ENTER.

11. Setup… ‘Location format’ simply determines the coordinate display…e.g. Arc1960 or UTM Set Map Datum…e.g. WGS 84 Set North Reference…True Location tab

12. Setup… Interface tab While using without DGPS Beacon Receiver The Garmin GPSmap 76 can be used without attaching the GPS to the DGPS beacon receiver in instances where maximum accuracy is not a requirement; e.g conducting resource inventories, conservation planning, navigation, etc Serial Data Format to GARMIN; this setting is also used when downloading data to a computer.

13. Collecting GPS Data in the field Waypoints vs tracks: two distinct methods of data collection Waypoints: individual locations stored in the GPS buffer; consciously marked and stored by the user –Points are independent until related as nodes along a line or polygon, with GIS software. Tracks: Continuous series of points collected automatically at regular time or distance interval. –Only user intervention is to start and finish a track log. –Track points treated by GPS as points along a line or polygon. –Thus GPS can estimate area bounded by tracks without downloading the points to GIS software.

14. Collecting GPS Data as Waypoints (For well defined points- e.g. wells, pipelines, fences, field boundaries, etc) Make sure the GPS is set correctly. Place GPS antenna directly over the point. Wait until accuracy is below required value. Press and hold the ENTER key until the Mark Waypoint screen appears with the coordinates of your current location displayed. A default 3 digit number of the new waypoint will display. The user can either change this number or accept the default.

15. You may improve accuracy by averaging Press the MENU key Select ‘Average Location’ and press the ENTER key The Average Location screen should then appear. NOTE: Do not move GPS antenna while in this mode. The Measurement Count field should start counting number of measurement used in the average. The Estimated Accuracy value should start decreasing. Once enough measurements is recorded for good average of the position, press ENTER key to save the average. Saving Waypoint: While on the Mark Waypoint Screen, highlight [OK] and press ENTER key to store the point

16. Deleting Waypoints Press the MENU key twice. Select ‘Points’. Press the ENTER key. Select ‘Waypoints’. Press the ENTER key. To delete single point Using ROCKER key, highlight the desired Waypoint. Press the MENU key. Select ‘Delete Waypoint’. Highlight ‘YES’ and Press the ENTER key to confirm deletion. To delete all point Press the MENU key Select ‘Delete All’. Highlight [YES] and press the ENTER key to confirm the deletion

17. Collecting GPS data as Tracks Use this method to collect data especially for –boundaries, treatment areas etc; i.e., areas not well defined or non-linear or curved. –To determine the size estimate of an area while in the field. Procedure Press the MENU key twice to bring up the Main Menu. Select ‘Tracks’. Press the ENTER key, to bring up the Tacks page. Note: Before beginning a new track, you might consider clearing the stored track log. On the Track page, press the MENU key. Select ‘Setup Tracklog’. Press ENTER key.

18. On the Tracklog Setup Page, set Recording method to: –‘Off’ to turn OFF tracking, or set tracking Recording to either –‘Stop When Full’ or ‘Wrap When Full’ to turn ON. The Record Method and Interval fields should be set appropriately to the need of the specific job. If ‘Auto’ method is used, the interval ‘Most Often’ should be used to give best results. Highlight [OK] and press the ENTER key. NOTE: The antenna needs to be kept as close as possible to the boundary being marked. If you need to divert from the boundary, you should turn off tracking. Upon returning to the boundary, turn on tracking to begin collecting data again. Two separate track segments will be created, which can be joined in the DNR Garmin later.

19. Area calculation Garmin GPS has the ability to estimate area from a single track or multiple tracks making up same feature.. But not from individual points!!! Steps From the Tracks page, highlight [SAVE] and press ENTER. You will be given the choice to save the entire track log, or if you have multiple segments, you can choose how far back to save. Make your choice and press the ENTER key. In the process of saving the track, the GPS filters the track data; thus the calculated area may vary somewhat from the area calculation you get in ArcGIS from the unfiltered (original) track data. Delete/remove this saved track the record: Highlight [Delete] and press the ENTER key The original track remain stored in the GPS internal memory.

20. Clearing Track log From the Tracks page, highlight [Clear] and press the ENTER key. Highlight [YES] and press the ENTER key.

21. Required DNR Garmin software ( © 2001 Minesota Department of Natural Resources) installed in your computer. GPS (Garmin GPSmap 76) with collected data Using GPS Data

22. Making use of DNR Garmin: Setup To set Projection, select –File -> Set Projection NOTE: Better in the same projection as that ‘position format’ used by the GPS while collecting the data. Connect the GPS to computer where DNR Garmin has been installed

25. Saving the downloaded data: Waypoints NOTE: If you are finished downloading, you can shut off the GPS unit to conserve battery life…by holding down the Power key.

26. Saving the downloaded data: Tracks

27. Appending to an existing shapefile

28. Navigating with Garmin GPSmap 76 Garmin GPSmap 76 can be used to navigate (i.e. locate) any of stored points. 1.To navigate to a point, press the NAV key. 2.Highlight ‘Go to Point’ and press the ENTER key. 3.Highlight ‘Waypoints’ and press the ENTER key; 4.One of 2 screens will appear: Waypoints by Name or Nearest Waypoints. Use the MENU to switch between the two. NOTE: Bottom of each screen shows direction and distance to highlighted point. Waypoints by Name: Points are sorted by name. Select desired point. Press the ENTER key. Nearest Waypoints: Points are sorted by distance from your current position, (nearest being listed first). Highlight desired point using up down of ROCKER key. Press the ENTER key.