1. TOP 5 CANCERS FOR MEN OVER 50
DR SAI RAJENDRA
MS MCPS FAIS
CONSULTANT SURGICAL ONCOLOGIST
BASAVATARAKAM INDO AMERICAN CANCER HOSPITAL

2. LIFE STYLE DISEASES & HEALTH
1900 – 1940 : pneumonia / influenza , TB , diarrhea / enteritis – 60% infectious diseases.
Heart – 4th ,& cancer 8th ,leading cause of death.
1940 – 1990 : heart disease, cancer & 60 % degenerative diseases ( diabetes, cirrhosis, kidney failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases )

3. Lifestyle diseases at present times
Hypertension
Diabetes
Heart attack
Stroke – cerebaro vascular accidents
Cancer
Obesity – malnutrition- diet related problems

4. TOP 5 CANCERS PROSTATE CANCER LUNG CANCER COLON AND RECTUM CANCER
BLADDER CANCER
MELANOMA / HEAD & NECK CANCER

5. PROSTATE CANCER RISK FACTORS Age : > 50 yrs most cases over age 68
Family history: grandfather, father or brother have had prostate cancer
Race : african american more likely than white mates
High fat diet
Obesity

6. Prostate cancer screening
PSA : prostate specific antigen, test should be given annually beginning at age 50
DRE : digital rectal examination, test should be given annually beginning at age 50 for men of average risk, age 45 or younger for men a high risk
TRUS : trans rectal ultrasound
FNA : fine needle aspiration

8. LUNG CANCER RISK FACTORS
SMOKING : secondhand smoke can increase the risk of lung cancer
GENETICS : certain gene mutations & family history of lung cancer
EXPOSURE to asbestos

9. LUNG CANCER WARNING SYMPTOMS
Cough that does not go away
Chest pain, often made worse by deep breathing, coughing or laughing
Hoarseness
Weight loss & loss of appetite
Bloody or rust colored sputum (spit)
Shortness of breath
Infections such as bronchitis & pneuomonitis that keep coming back
Wheezing

11. LUNG CANCER SCREENING
LUNG IS DIFFICULT TO DETECT BECAUSE MOST SYMPTOMS DO NOT APPEAR UNTIL LATE STAGE. SCREENING ( CHEST X-RAYS , CT SCANS & MRI ) MAY BE USED FOR HIGH RISK INDIVIDUALS TO DETECT ABNORMAL AREAS IN LUNG . SPUTUM CYTOLOGY , BRONCHOSCOPY AND BIOPSY

12. Colorectal
cancer

13. COLON & RECTUM CANCER ( COLORECTAL )
RISK FACTORS
Age : 90 % of cases occur in people over 50
Genetic mutations
Family history : grandfather, father or brother had colorectal cancer
Previous colorectal cancer : if you’ve had cancer removed already, you are at a highier risk to get a new one
Inflamatory bowel disease : chron’s disease or ulcerative colitis for several years, highier risk to get colorectal cancer

14. RISK FOCTORS COLORECTA CANCER cont.
Certain lifestyle factors appear to raise the risk of colorectal cancer :
Drinking more than 2 alcoholic drinks per day
Obesity
Smoking
Diabetes
A high fat diet, with mostly red meat

15. Signs & Symptoms Change in bowel habits Blood in Stool Diarrhea
Bright red
Very dark red
Black/Tarry Stool
Diarrhea
Constipation
Does your bowel feel like it emptied completely?
General abdominal discomfort
Gas pains
Bloating
Fullness
Cramps
Weight loss w/ no explained reason
Constant tiredness
Vomiting (coffee grounds)

16. COLORECTAL CANCERS SCREENING
Beginning at age 50, men who are at average risk for developing cancer should have one of the following :
Fecal occult blood : test to be done once a year
Double contrast barium enema : once every 5 years , instead of fecal occult blood
Colonoscopy : every 10 years, now we have a option of CT virtual colonoscopy
Flexible sigmoidscopy : once every 5 years

18. Results Negative = no abnormalities are found
Positive = abnormalities found, such as polyps.
If positive you may be scheduled for further testing.

19. How can I prevent colorectal cancer ?
Early screening
Eating like hunter-gatherer cut back on red meat
Getting off the couch minutes of activity 5 days a week
Quit smoking
Limit drinking

20. BLADDER CANCER RISK FACTORS Smoking
Gender : three times more common in men
Occupation : working in dye, rubber, leather print or paint industry
Exposure to arsenic in drinking water
Chronic bladder conditions ( stone or infection)

21. BLADDER CANCER SCREENING
Screening is done only in people with nigh risk and those who have previously had urinary bladder cancer. It is often diagnosed by examining cells in urine under a microscope or urine cytology, and by inspecting the bladder with a cystoscopy ( a slender tube fitted with a lens & light that is inserted into the bladder through the urethra ie. Urine passage )

23. MELANOMA RISK FACTORS Prior melanoma Family history of melanoma
Large number of moles
Sun sensitivity : people with fair skin & who are sensitive to sun
Excessive exposure to sun
Diseases that suppress the immune system

25. MELNOMA SCREENING
Regular head to toe examinations : follow the ABCs. Look for Asymmetry, Border irregularity, Color ( uneven pigmentation ) and a diameter greater than 6 mm. if you notice any changes or suspicious moles, call your doctor.
If you are considered high risk, consider having an annual clinical examination by a dermatologist

26. Oral cancer
Tobacco – smoking , chewing , paste , tooth powder , snuff.
Alcohol – when added to tobacco the risk is 6 times more
Men more common then women
HPV virus
Sharp tooth , ill fitting denture , bad oral hygiene

27. Oral cavity examination needs good illumination & finger to palpate

29. RED FORMULA
Reduce : risk
Recognize : symptoms
Respond : see your doctor

30. Health screening – Men – age 40-64
Screen for diseases
Assess risk for future medical problems
Help develop a healthy lifestyle
Update vaccinations
Maintain a relationship with a doctor in case of a illness

31. Check for TEN potential problems
1. Hypertension – every 2 years till 40 , then once a year.
2. Blood sugar
3. Cholesterol – after 34 every 5 years
4. Colon cancer screening
5. Dental examination

32. Check for ten potential problems
6. Eye exam – every 2 years
7. Immunization – flu vaccine every year & hepatitis B
8. Osteoporosis – age 50 – 70
9.Prostate cancer screening
10. Preventive health visit every 2 yrs until 50 then once a year : check height & weight , screen for alcohol & tobacco use , screen for depression

33. DID YOU KNOW ?
People who maintain a healthy life style, including exercising regularly, eating right, having an active social network and avoid smoking, can outlive their peers by an average of 5.4 years
BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL

34. EAT HEALTHY

35. EXERCISE

36. DID YOU KNOW ?
PEOPLE LIVING IN WALKABLE NEIGHBOURHOODS TEND TO BE MORE PHYSICALLY ACTIVE AND HAVE A COSIDERABLY LOWER RISK OF DIADETES THAN THOSE LIVING IN THE LEAST WALKABLE COMMUNITIES. DIABETES CARE

37. Thank you
Q & A