1. JI YON OH LYNN SCHRECK Urinary System

2. Functions Gets rid of wastes Maintains the water levels Maintains mineral and vitamin levels Monitors blood pH

3. Locations

4. Kidneys Helps maintain homeostasis Secretes the hormone erythropoietin Activation of vitamin D Helps to maintain blood volume and blood pressure

5. Kidneys

6. Urinary Bladder Stores urine and forces it into the urethra.

7. Pathway of blood within a kidney

8. Nephron Basic structural and functional unit of kidney Renal corpuscle Consists of a glomerulus and a glomerulus capsule Renal tubule Extends from the renal corpuscle to the collecting duct

9. Glomerular Filtration

10. Tubular Reabsorption & Secretion

11. Urea and Uric Acid Excretion Urea: by-product of amino acid catabolism Uric acid: product of the metabolism of certain organic bases in nucleic acids The kidneys remove the nitrogenous wastes such as urea from the blood

12. Urine Elimination Pressure of urine stimulates sensory nerve fibers in stretch receptors Transmit their sensory impulses through pelvic nerve fibers to the voiding reflex center These fibers then synapse through interneurons to the anterior portion of the spinal-cord Motor impulses are then transmitted Causes bladder to contract and open the internal urinary sphincter Another reflex signals the external urethral sphincter to relax Bladder empties and urine goes through urethra

13. Glomerulonephritis Glomerular capillaries are inflamed More permeable to proteins Protein concentration in blood plasma decreases Plasma colloid osmotic pressure decreases Less tissue fluid moves into the capillaries Diseases

14. Kidney stones Composed of uric acid, calcium oxalate, calcium phosphate, or magnesium phosphate Cause nausea and vomiting, and blood in the urine Diseases

15. Kidney failure Temporary or chronic inability of the kidneys to filter waste from the blood Diseases

16. Works Cited Boundless. “Overview of Urine Formation Steps.” Boundless.com. 14 Nov. 2014. Web. 02 April 2015. Marcus, RN. “Urinary Elimination.” Scribd. 2013. Web. 02 Apirl 2015. Biology Questions and Answers. “The Excretory System Easy Review.” 2003. Web. 02 April 2015.