1. Chapter 8 Molarity Part 1

2. Solutions Solute The substance that dissolves (the minor component of a solution). KMnO 4

3. Solutions Solvent The substance that the solute dissolves in (the major component of a solution).

4. KMnO 4 solution Solution A homogeneous mixture of the solute and solvent.

5. Solutions Dilute Concentrated

6. Concentration of a solution Molarity(M) is the moles of solute per liter of solution. Molarity(M) = moles of solute Liters of solution

7. Common Volume Units = 1000 mL

8. Common Volume Units = 1000 mL

9. Units of Molarity

10. 2.0 M HCl

11. Units of Molarity 2.0 M HCl = 2.0 moles HCl L solution

12. Units of Molarity 2.0 M HCl = 2.0 moles HCl L solution 6.0 M HCl

13. Units of Molarity 2.0 M HCl = 2.0 moles HCl L solution 6.0 M HCl= 6.0 moles HCl dm 3 solution

14. Molarity Calculate the molarity of an aqueous Ba(NO 3 ) 2 solution containing 0.283 grams of barium nitrate in 0.931 L of solution.

15. Molarity Calculate the molarity of an aqueous Ba(NO 3 ) 2 solution containing 0.283 grams of barium nitrate in 0.931 L of solution. 0.283 g Ba(NO 3 ) 2 0.931 L

16. Molarity Calculate the molarity of an aqueous Ba(NO 3 ) 2 solution containing 0.283 grams of barium nitrate in 0.931 L of solution. 0.283 g Ba(NO 3 ) 2 0.931 L261.3 g mol

17. Molarity Calculate the molarity of an aqueous Ba(NO 3 ) 2 solution containing 0.283 grams of barium nitrate in 0.931 L of solution. 0.283 g Ba(NO 3 ) 2 0.931 L261.3 g mol = 0.00116 mol Ba(NO 3 ) 2 /L = 0.00116 M Ba(NO 3 ) 2

18. Molarity Calculation NaOH is used to open stopped sinks, to treat cellulose in the making of nylon, and to remove potato peels commercially.

19. If 4.0 g NaOH are used to make 500.0 mL of NaOH solution, what is the molarity (M) of the solution?

20. 4.0 g NaOH 500.0 mL

21. If 4.0 g NaOH are used to make 500.0 mL of NaOH solution, what is the molarity (M) of the solution? 4.0 g NaOH 500.0 mL40.0 g mol

22. If 4.0 g NaOH are used to make 500.0 mL of NaOH solution, what is the molarity (M) of the solution? 4.0 g NaOH 500.0 mL40.0 g mol 0.001 L mL

23. If 4.0 g NaOH are used to make 500.0 mL of NaOH solution, what is the molarity (M) of the solution? 4.0 g NaOH 500.0 mL40.0 g mol 0.001 L mL = 0.20 mol NaOH/L = 0.20M NaOH

24. Molarity Conversion Factors An NaOH solution has a molarity of 0.20M. Write this molarity in the form of conversion factors (ratios).

25. Molarity Conversion Factors 0.20 moles NaOH and L solution ____ L solution 0.20 moles NaOH

26. How many grams of Na 2 SO 4 are required to prepare 1000.0 mL of 1.0000 M Na 2 SO 4 solution?

27. 1000.0 mL

28. How many grams of Na 2 SO 4 are required to prepare 1000.0 mL of 1.0000 M Na 2 SO 4 solution? 1000.0 mL 0.001 L mL mL

29. How many grams of Na 2 SO 4 are required to prepare 1000.0 mL of 1.0000 M Na 2 SO 4 solution? 1000.0 mL 0.001 L 1.0000 mol Na 2 SO 4 mL L mL L

30. How many grams of Na 2 SO 4 are required to prepare 1000.0 mL of 1.0000 M Na 2 SO 4 solution? 1000.0 mL 0.001 L 1.0000 mol Na 2 SO 4 142.04 g mL L mol mL L mol

31. How many grams of Na 2 SO 4 are required to prepare 1000.0 mL of 1.0000 M Na 2 SO 4 solution? 1000.0 mL 0.001 L 1.0000 mol Na 2 SO 4 142.04 g mL L mol mL L mol = 142.04 g Na 2 SO 4

32. a a How to prepare 1000ml (1.000L) of a 1.0000M solution of Na 2 SO 4.

33. Diabetes is a serious medical issue facing our country at this time.

34. 23.6 million people in the United States (7.8% of the total population) have diabetes. Of these, 5.7 million have undiagnosed diabetes. In 2007, about 1.6 million new cases of diabetes were diagnosed in people aged 20 years or older. If current trends continue, 1 in 3 Americans will develop diabetes sometime in their lifetime, and those with diabetes will lose, on average, 10–15 years of life. Diabetes is the leading cause of new cases of blindness, kidney failure, and nontraumatic lower-extremity amputations among adults. Diabetes was the sixth leading cause of death on U.S. death certificates in 2006. Overall, the risk for death among people with diabetes is about twice that of people without diabetes of similar age. In 1999–2000, 7% of U.S. adolescents aged 12–19 years had impaired fasting glucose (prediabetes), putting them at increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and stroke.

35. Diabetes Is Preventable and Controllable Recent studies show that lifestyle changes can prevent or delay the onset of type 2 diabetes among people at high risk. For people with prediabetes, lifestyle changes, including a 5%–7% weight loss and at least 150 minutes of physical activity per week, can reduce the rate of onset of type 2 diabetes by 58%. Disability and premature death are not inevitable consequences of diabetes. By working with their support network and health care providers, people with diabetes can prevent premature death and disability by controlling their blood glucose, blood pressure, and blood lipids and by receiving other preventive care in a timely manner.

36. Blood sugar is a term referring to the amount of glucose (C 6 H 12 O 6 ) present in the blood. A normal blood glucose level is about 0.083g in 100.0mL. What is the molarity of normal blood glucose? 0.0046M C 6 H 12 O 6

37. In a college chemistry class you are asked to prepare 100.0 mL solution of 0.250 M NiCl 2 (gfm = 129.7g/mol).

38. How do you prepare the solution?

39. In a college chemistry class you are asked to prepare 100.0 mL solution of 0.250 M NiCl 2 (gfm = 129.7g/mol). How do you prepare the solution. 3.24 grams of NiCl 2

40. Dissolve 3.24 grams of NiCl 2 in water then dilute to a total volume of 100.0 mL.

41. Information for Mole Quiz How does a mole relate to particles and mass? (ie. One mole of H 2 O is 6.02 x 10 23 H 2 O molecules and has a mass of 18.0 g). Be able to use the factor-label method to do metric conversions and mole problems. Know how to determine the number of atoms in a molecule. Be able to use this information in factor- label problems. Be able to determine the number of grams/molecule. Identify the diatomic gases.

42. Homework  Molarity Worksheet. (Note that the answers to problem number 2 must be in sentence form).