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Published byReynold French Modified over 9 years ago
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1. List and describe the 5 elements of a reflex arc. 2. List an example of a reflex. 3. What is the difference between a reflex and a voluntary reaction?
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1. Cerebral Hemispheres 2. Diencephalon 3. Brain stem 4. Cerebellum
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L & R hemispheres Corpus callosum: large fiber tract; connects 2 hemispheres Lobes: major regions (named for cranial bones) Parietalfrontaloccipitaltemporal Parietal, frontal, occipital, temporal Gyri (gyrus) = elevated ridges of tissue Sulci (sulcus) = shallow grooves Fissures = deeper grooves, separate large regions of brain Motor & sensory function: opposite hemispheres
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Grey matter “Executive suite” conscious mind
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3 main structures: 1. Thalamus: relay station for incoming info 2. Hypothalamus: A.Autonomic control center (heart rate, BP, digestion) B.Emotional response (limbic system) C.Body temperature regulation D.Regulate food intake E.Sleep-wake cycles F.Control endocrine system pituitary gland at base 3. Epithalamus: pineal gland (sleep-wake cycle)
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Programmed, automatic behaviors for survival 3 regions: 1. Midbrain: vision, hearing, reflex 2. Pons: breathing 3. Medulla oblongata: heart rate, BP, breathing, swallowing, vomiting, coughing, sneezing
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Balance, equilibrium, timing of skeletal muscle activity
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Meninges: connective tissue covering CNS structures Dura mater (leathery outer), arachnoid mater (web-like middle), pia mater (surface of brain) Meningitis: inflammation of meninges; bacterial or viral infection Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF): watery cushion to protect NS from trauma Lumbar (spinal) tap – test for infection, tumors, multiple sclerosis
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Bacterial antibiotics Herpes meningitis antiviral meds IV fluids Prevention: vaccines for bacterial infections (HiB)
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NO: Urea Toxins Proteins White blood cells Bacteria Most drugs YES: Water Glucose Amino acids Gases Fat-soluble substances Some drugs: anesthetics, alcohol, nicotine
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