2. Period 1 Reading Unit 1 Great Scientists

3. Guessing: Who are they?

4. Archimedes He lived in Ancient Greece He discovered that objects in water are lifted up by a force. The force helps them float. This theory helped him solve the problem raised by the king. He once said, “give me a place to stand on, and I can move the earth.”

5. Charles Darwin He was born in 1808, in Britain. He wrote a famous book which changed the way we think about our lives. At that time people thought all living things were perfect, so would never need to change. He put forward his theory that animals and plants developed as the environment changed.

6. Who is he? He has made a famous kite experiment. He learned a lot from it and invented lightning rod( 避雷针 ). He is … Benjamin Franklin Never leave that until tomorrow, which you can do today. 今日事, 今日毕.

7. Who is he? He is called the greatest scientist in the 20 th century. He is famous for the Theory of Relativity. He is …Albert Einstein Imagination is more important than knowledge imaginative

8. Who is he? He invented electric bulbs. He made more than 1,000 inventions during his life. He is … Thomas Alva Edison Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety- nine percent perspiration. 天才就是百分之九十九的汗水加上百分之 一的灵感.

9. Who invented the first steam engine? Thomas Newcomen (1663-1729) British, invented a steam engine. James Watt improved it and turned it into the first modern steam engine used on the railways.

10. Do you know him? Zhong Nanshan ( 钟南山 ) SARS infectious disease cholera

11. John Snow (1813—1858) was born and worked as a doctor in Great Britain.At the time he lived, cholera was the most frightening disease. There were four outbreaks of cholera in the1830s and 1840s, which killed many thousands of people in the industrial cities of England. Broad Street in 1854 Background information

12. What happened in 1854? How many people died in 10 days? Why was there no death at No. 20 and 21 Broad Street as well as at No. 8 and 9 Cambridge Street? 2. Scanning: A cholera outbreak hit London. 500 These families had not drunk the water from the Broad Street pump.

13. John Snow Defeats “King Cholera” Paragraph 1 Find a problem: Many thousands of people died every time there was an outbreak of cholera. Paragraph 2 Make up a question: How did cholera kill people? Which theory is correct? Paragraph 3 Think of a method: gather the information ; begin his enquiry; mark on a map Paragraph 4 Collect results: a map, a valuable clue 3. Further reading:

14. Paragraph 6 – Find supporting evidence: two other deaths Paragraph 7 – Suggest measures to prevent the outbreak of cholera Come to a conclusion: The water carried the virus. Paragraph 5 – Analyze the results: find out where they got their water. Analyze the water to see if it is the cause of the deaths.

15. 1. What was John Snow? 2. What was the deadly disease of its time? 3. What did the disease result in? 4. What was the problem that J.S. wanted to solve? 5. What were the two theories that he was interested in? 6. Which theory did he suspect that was true? 7. What did he do to get evidence? 8. How did he find that the water was to blame? 9. What did he do after he found the possible cause of cholera? 10. What did he find by doing that? 11. What supporting evidence did he find? 12. What did he announce? 13. What measure did he suggest? Find answers to the following questions:Retell the text with the help of the questions:

16. John Snow was a __________ doctor in London – so ______, indeed, that he ______ Queen Victoria as her personal _______. But he became _______ when he thought about helping ordinary people ________ ______ cholera, which was the _____ disease of its day. He wanted to face the ________ and find the ______ of cholera in order to ______ it. John Snow became ________ in two theories. He _________ that the second theory was correct that people ________ this disease into their bodies with their meals. He collected the results, and it seemed that the water was _____ ________ ． famous expertattended physician inspired exposed to deadly challenge causedefeat interested suspected absorbed toblame

17. Next, John Snow looked into the source of the water. He found that it came from the river _______ by the dirty water from London. He had shown that cholera was spread by germs. In another part of London, he found ________ evidence from two other deaths. With this extra evidence he was able to ___________ with _______ that cholera was caused by the dirty water. The water companies were ________ not to expose people to dirty water any more. polluted supporting announce certainty instructed

18. Find the following phrases 作为私人医生照顾某人 当时致命的疾病 面对挑战 解决问题 开始对 … 感兴趣 到处漂浮 患者 伦敦再次爆发霍乱 着手准备调研 贫民区 收集资料 查明原因 一条有价值的线索 进行深入调查 水是罪魁祸首 调查 不久 缓解

19. 有力的证据 与 …. 有关联 肯定地宣布 携带着病菌 水源 接到指令不要 … 让人们接触到 …