1. THE GENERATION AND MAINTENANCE OF STEREOTYPE OF THE CONSUMER OF ILLEGAL SUBSTANCES: AN EXEMPLIFICATION THROUGH A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF DISCURSIVE PRACTICES THAT CHARACTERIZE THE ITALIAN AND THE DUTCH TEXT OF THE LAW Roberto Fumagalli e Simona Fanelli Department of psychology – University of Padua, Italia E-mail: labsalute.psicologia@unipd.it Theoretical frame of reference The theoretical framework of the research is the narrativistic paradigm that defines reality as generated by discursive practices used in a specific socio-cultural context and then continuously in transformation. In this sense the consumer of psychoactive substances is considered as an existing reality generated by speeches that a certain socio-cultural structure makes available in a particular historical moment. This research is based on the theory of the dialogical identity, or the identity is built from the dialogue of three polarity of narration, (look at the figure). Through this theory how the different voices involved in the research generate and maintain the stereotype of consumer of psychoactive substances have been investigated. Aim of research To investigate how the stereotype of illegal substances consumers is generated and maintained in two different countries (Italy and Netherlands) This, analyzing both discursive practices of who are differently involved in the generation of that reality, and through the textual analysis of those laws who are addressed to the consumption of substances. METHODOLOGY OF RESEARCH AND TEXT ALISYS DATA INSTRUMENTS FIRST STEP: TEXTUAL ANALISYS OF ITALIAN AND DUTCH QUESTIONNAIRE AND IDENTIFICATION OF DISCURSIVE REPERTORIES SECOND STEP: ITALIAN AND DUCH ANALISYS OF LAW TEXTS ABOUT CONSUME OF ILLEGAL SUBSTANCES AND IDENTIFICATION OF DISCURSIVE REPERTORIES  COMPARISON BETWEEN KNOWLEDGE MODALITIES USED BY INTERWIEWED COMING FROM THE TWO COUNTRIES AND LEXICAL CONSTRUCTS USED BY THE LAWS M.A.D.I.T. methodology of textual Processing Data Analysis  USE OF THE SOFTAWE SPADT AS A TOOL FOR THE ANALISIS OF QUESTIONNAIRE ANSWERS  USE OF THE SOFTWARE ATLAS.T AS A TOOL FOR THE ANALYSIS OF LAW TEXTS Identity stereotype Propter omnes Communal matrix (consumers, sellers, police forces) Personalis (Auto-attribution Consumers) t3 t1 Alter (Hetero-attribution Sellers, police forces) t2 SAMPLE NL IT 60 consumers 14 sellers 14 police forces 70 consumers 70 sellers 10 police forces CONSUMER who used in the past or was using at the moment of the research these substances: cocaine, heroin, hashish, marijuana, ecstasy, hallucinogenic mushrooms, popper, amphetamines SELLER (of psychoactive substances ) Who, with a regular license issued by the Government in which it exercise its activities, trades substances with psychoactive effect POLICE FORCE Who, in accordance with existing regulations of a country, acts interventions against consumers of illicit substances AUTO-ATTRIBUTION Discursive practices characterized by the use of 1 person in retrospective, current, early terms HETERO ATTRIBUTION Discursive practices characterized by the use of 2 or 3 person in retrospective, current, early terms COMMUNAL MATRIX Universe of possible Discursive within a defined culture Italian laws text Netherlands laws textITALYNETHERLANDS POLO DISCURSIVE REPERTORY TEXT DISCURSIVE REPERTORY TEXT AUTO ATTRIBUTI ON REPERTORY OF “TO STATE REALYTY” Outlaw, anti- legal deviant REPERTORY OF DESCRIPTION party-people, big eyes, experienced- guy, slow-walker HETERO ATTRIBUTI ON REPERTORY OF PERSONAL OPINION Not justify repression REPERTORY OF PERSONAL OPINION need-money HETERO ATTRIBUTI ON REPERTORY OF VALUTATION able, self, mature know a lot, enterprising, active COMMUNAL MATRIX REPERTORY OF JUDGMENT ignorant, restless, problematic, anxious, nerd, balanced REPERTORY OF DESCRIPTION skinny, hungry, my-self, like- everybody, friend- of-mine DISCURSIVE REPERTORY: a fixed modality of construction of reality, in linguistic sense meant and with a pragmatic value, grouped together in many statements (archipelagos of meaning), articulated in linked sentences and spread with a value of statement of truth, which aim is to generate (construct)/keep a narrative coherence FIRST STEP SECOND STEP ITALY NETHERLANDS TOWNLEGISLATIONTEXTREPERTORY “Unique laws text” about regulation of drugs and Prevention of Psychotropic Substances use, care and rehabilitation of related states of drug addiction Opium Act: Law Of 12 May 1928 Containing Regulations Concerning Opium and Other narcotic Substances art. 89 Restrictive measures against DRUG ADDICTED Involved in therapeutic Programs art. 8i 2. An exemption from the prohibition on growing hemp or processing, treating or transporting hemp, hashish and hempseed oil for the purposes referred to in Article 8h shall only be granted to THE PERSON WITH whom Our Minister enters into an agreement in this regard to perform such acts. Requirement IT NL SAMPLE Connotative repertories Law text Prescriptive repertories SAMPLE Connotative repertories Descriptive repertories Law text Prescriptive repertories DRUG ADDICT STIGMA LABLE ANY PERSON WHO ONGOING DESCRIPTION OF ACTION STEPS CONCLUSION With reference to the construction and maintenance of the stereotype of consumer substances results that: 1 There is an equivalance between the regulatory speech and the discourse of the community because both use the same constructs to define the consumer. This lead to affirm that there is a mutual interchange between what the laws declare and what common sense speech says in the finding common factors. 2 there is a difference between the construction of the stereotype between Italy and the Netherlands: the first uses connotative knowledge modalities more than the Netherlands. From the result of this analysis is possible to conclude that when you put in place interventions towards consumers of substances it is not possible to abstract from what is the discursive configuration that generates and maintains the stereotype of the consumer of substances in communities. Any intervention must therefore necessarily takes account of how the identity of the consumer is built to go to intervene on the focus in which this process develops. CONNECTED TO THIS PAPER YOU CAN FIND IN THE SECTION DIALOGICAL MODEL: “The Dialogical Identity as discursive configuration: what scientific foundation?” “The change process of the discursive configuration “consumption of drugs”: a research” IN THE SECTION SUBSTANCES: The association “I Ragazzi della Panchina”: the construction of the discursive configuration of “drug addict” and the relation with the territory