1. Matter-Properties and Changes
I will distinguish between physical and chemical properties
I will classify matter by composition: element, compound or mixture
I will identify observable characteristics of chemical reactions
I will explain the fundamental law of conservation of mass

2. Properties of Matter
I will identify the characteristics of a substance
I will distinguish between physical and chemical properties
I will differentiate among the physical states of matter

3. Substances Matter that has a uniform and unchanging composition
Aka pure substance
Example 1
Table Salt
Always 100% sodium chloride
Example 2
Water
H2O
NOT AN EXAMPLE
Sea water
Samples vary by location
Amount of salts, water, dissolved substances

5. Physical Properties
A characteristic that can be observed or measured WITHOUT changing the sample’s composition
Density
Color
Odor
Taste
Hardness
Melting point
Boiling point

6. Examples-Physical Properties
Salt (sodium chloride)
Forms solid white crystals at room temperature
Unique salty taste
Oxygen
Colorless
Gas at 25 degrees Celsius
Melting point -218 degrees Celsius
Boiling point -183 degrees Celsius
Density g/cc

7. Extensive Properties Dependent upon the amount of substance present
Examples
Mass
Volume
Length
Weight

8. Intensive Properties
Independent of the amount of the substance present
Examples

9. Chemical Properties
The ability of a substance to combine with or change into one or more other substances
And/Or
The inability of a substance to change into another substance
Example
Iron forms rust when combined with air
Iron + Nitrogen (at room temperature) = no chemical change

10. Observing Properties of Matter
Every substance has its own unique set of physical and chemical properties
May vary depending on conditions of immediate environment
Room temperature, standard pressure, etc.
Example
Copper
Physical Properties
Chemical Properties
Reddish brown
Shiny
Malleable (easily shaped)
Ductile (drawn into wire)
Conducts heat/electricity
Density 8.92 g/cc
Melting Point 1085 ℃
Boiling Point 2570 ℃
Forms green copper carbonate compound when in contact w/ moist air
Forms new substances when combined with nitric and sulfuric acids
Forms a deep blue solution when in contact with ammonia

12. States of matter PHYSICAL PROPERTY!!!!! Solid Liquid Gas Plasma
FUN FACT: (only occurs
naturally on Earth in the
form of lightening bolts!)
PHYSICAL PROPERTY!!!!!

13. Solids A form of matter that has its own definite shape and volume.
Examples
Wood
Iron
Paper
Sugar
Particles are VERY tightly packed
Will only expand SLIGHTLY when heated
Does NOT conform to shape of container
Incompressible
Volume stays the same
Example
Wax (moldable) but volume doesn’t change

14. Liquids Virtually incompressible
Tend to expand when heated
Liquid Particles
NOT rigidly held in place
less closely packed than solids
Are able to move past each other
A form of matter that flows, has constant volume, and takes the shape of its container
Examples
Water
Blood
Mercury

15. Gases
A form of matter that flows to CONFORM to the shape of its container and fills the ENTIRE volume of its container
Examples
Neon
Lighted signs
Methane
Cooking
Air
Mixture of gases
Particles are VERY far apart
EASILY compressed
A substance NATURALLY in the gaseous state at room temperature
RELATED TERMS
Vapor
The gaseous state of a substance that is a SOLID or LIQUID at room temperature
Example
steam

16. Quick Think
Describe the characteristics that identify a sample of matter as being a substance.
Classify each of the following as a physical or chemical property
Iron and oxygen form rust
Iron is more dense than aluminum
Magnesium burns brightly when ignited
Oil and water do not mix
Mercury melts at -39 ℃
Using what you know about the compressibility of gases, explain why the oxygen in a SCUBA tank is compressed.
Create a table that describes the three common states of matter in terms of their shape, volume, and compressibility.

17. Quick Think- Check
The sample of matter must have a uniform and unchanging composition to be a substance.
Properties
Chemical (rust)
Physical (density)
Chemical (burning)
Physical (mixing)
Physical (melting) point)
Particles of gas are spaced apart and are easily compressed. Therefore, it is possible to put a significant volume of oxygen in the tank, which allows the diver to remain under water longer!
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Definite volume
Fills volume of container
Definite shape
Fills container shape
Takes shape of container
Incompressible
Virtually incompressible
Compressible

18. Changes in Matter
I will define physical change and list several common physical changes
I will define chemical change and list several indications that a chemical change has taken place
I will apply the law of conservation of mass to chemical reactions

19. Physical CHANGES Alter a substance WITHOUT changing its composition
Might result in dramatically different appearance (yet leave the composition of the substance unchanged)
Examples
Crunching up a piece of aluminum foil
Cutting a sheet of paper
Breaking a crystal
Phase changes (solid, liquid, gas)

20. Key words of Physical Changes
Bend
Grind
Crumple
Split
Crush

21. Chemical CHANGES
A process that involves one or more substances changing into a NEW substance
New substance
Formed in reaction
Different compositions — than original substance(s)
Different properties — than original substance(s)
Example
Fermentation of juice, sugars, and other ingredients (making wine)
Rusting of iron (a chemical combo of iron and oxygen)

22. Chemical CHANGES Commonly referred to as a chemical reaction Example
Reactants
Starting substances
Products
New substances
Example
Reactants = Iron, Oxygen
Product = rust

23. Key Words of Chemical Changes
Explode
Rust
Oxidize
Corrode
Tarnish
Ferment
Burn
Rot

24. The LAW of Conservation of Mass
Mass is neither created nor destroyed during a chemical reaction
Mass is conserved
Mass of Reactants = Mass of Products

25. Conservation of Mass Problem
Known
Mass mercury (II) oxide = 10.0g
Mass liquid mercury = 9.26g
Unknown
Mass formed oxygen = ? g
Mass Reactants = Mass Products
Mercury (II) oxide = Mercury + Oxygen
10.0g = 9.26g + ?
0.740 g of Oxygen formed

26. Quick Think
Describe the results of a physical change and 3 examples. Repeat with chemical change.
A friend tells you, “because composition does not change during a physical change, the appearance of a substance does not change.” Is your friend correct? Explain WHY?
Solve each of the following
In the complete reaction of g of sodium with g chlorine, what is the mass of the sodium chloride formed?
A 12.2 g sample of X reacts with a sample of Y to form 78.9 g XY. What way the mass of Y that reacted?