1. ABSOLUTISM

2. Absolute Monarchs Kings and Queens who held all of the power within their states’ boundaries. Control every aspect of society. Believe in divine right; God created the monarchy and the monarch acted as God’s representative on Earth. Monarchs answered only to God – not subjects.

3. Power Grows Because Feudalism ends Cities grow National Kingdoms help to centralize authority Growing middle class & merchants back monarchs because they support business & trade Wealth of colonies pours into monarchy Breakdown of church authority allow monarchs to gain greater control

4. Crisis lead to Absolutism in the 17 th Century Religious & territorial conflicts between states led to continuous warfare Monarchs build huge armies & paid for by levying heavy taxes Monarchs create government bureaucracies to control countries’ economic, religious, & social life – frees them from limitations imposed by nobility/parliament

5. EFFECTS OF ABSOLUTISM Rulers regulate religious worship and social gatherings to control the spread of ideas Rulers increase the size of their courts to appear more powerful Rulers create bureaucracies to control their countries’ economies

6. Meet the Tudors

7. Henry VIII 1491-1547 Becomes king 1509 at age 17 Athlete Musician Speaks Latin, Spanish, French & Italian Want male heir!!!

8. Catherine of Aragon Daughter of Ferdinand & Isabella of Spain 6 births – only one survives: Mary Married 18 yrs. Divorced

9. Henry…The Act of Supremacy Devout Catholic – Pope titles him “Defender of the Faith” Asks Pope to annul (set aside) marriage Pope refuses – Catherine’s nephew is the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V

10. Reformation Parliament 1529 Henry asks Parliament to pass laws ending the pope’s power in England. Parliament votes & approves the Act of Supremacy : Henry become official head of the Church of England Church land & riches become Henry’s Grants own divorce to Catherine

11. Anne Boleyn 1501-1536 Married for 3 yrs. 1 daughter: Elizabeth Accused of adultry Beheaded

12. Jane Seymour 1509-1537 Gives birth to Prince Edward (Edward VI) Dies soon after birth

13. Anne of Cleves 1515-1537 Selected by a painting (From Germany) Finds her unattractive Annulled marriage after 6 mo. “King’s Sister”

14. Cathrine Howard 1522-1542 Married 3 weeks after divorce from Anne Much younger with a lusty reputation Past & present affairs Beheaded

15. Katheryn Parr 1512-1548 Loves another but cannot refuse King King is 52, she 31 Cares for King until his death in 1547 Marries former suitor (Thomas Seymore) but dies 15 mos. after

17. Tudor Reigns Edward VI 1547- 1553 Takes throne at age 9 Dies at 16 from tuberulosus

18. Mary I 1553-1558 “Bloody Mary” Orders heretics and Protestants put to death Throws Elizabeth into the Tower of London for Treason

19. Elizabeth I – 1558-1603 “The Golden Age” Never marries – but said to love Robert Dudley (whose wife dies mysteriously) England defeats the Spanish Amada and Most powerful navy in the world

20. LOUIS XIV 1638-1715 Becomes King at age 5 – takes control of government at age 22 The Sun King – “I am the State!”

21. ART – Glorifies King

22. The Palace of Versailles

23. PROOF OF POWER $2.5 billion in 2003 36,000 laborers & 6,000 horses 5,000 acres of gardens, lawns, & woods 1,400 fountains

24. King’s Bedroom

25. Queen’s Bedroom

26. The Hall of Mirrors

27. Gardens

28. Fountains