1. Latin 101: The words of Latin 1.Parts of speech and grammatical functions 2.How to learn Latin vocabulary

2. 1. Parts of speech and grammatical functions PARTS OF SPEECH The glowing moon, reflecting brightly from snowy mountains, showed them a lake and this path, which we are traveling happily, because our climbing is so easy. Yay! Each word belongs to a word-type (or part of speech). What parts of speech do we see here?

3. 1. Parts of speech and grammatical functions PARTS OF SPEECH The glowing moon, Definite Article Noun Participle (adjective formed from verb)

4. 1. Parts of speech and grammatical functions PARTS OF SPEECH reflecting brightly from snowy mountains, Participle Adverb Preposition Adjective Noun

5. 1. Parts of speech and grammatical functions PARTS OF SPEECH showed them a lake and this path Verb Pronoun Indefinite article Noun Coordinating conjunction Demonstrative adjective Noun

6. 1. Parts of speech and grammatical functions PARTS OF SPEECH which we are traveling happily Relative pronoun Personal pronoun (Auxiliary verb ‘to be’) Participle Verb (present progressive) Adverb

7. 1. Parts of speech and grammatical functions PARTS OF SPEECH because our climbing is so easy. Yay! Subordinating conjunction (causal) Adjective (personal) Gerund (verbal noun) Verb (‘to be’) Adverb/parti cle Adjective Interjection

8. 1. Parts of speech and grammatical functions GRAMMATICAL FUNCTION The glowing moon, reflecting brightly from snowy mountains, showed them a lake and this path, which we are traveling happily, because our climbing is so easy. Yay! Words and phrases play distinct roles in the meaning of the sentence. Each serves its own grammatical function. What functions are played by the words and phrases here?

9. 1. Parts of speech and grammatical functions GRAMMATICAL FUNCTION The glowing moon, reflecting brightly from snowy mountains, showed (to) them a lake and this path, which we are traveling happily, because our climbing is so easy. Yay! SUBJECT MAIN VERB DIRECT OBJECT INDIRECT OBJECT

10. 1. Parts of speech and grammatical functions In Latin The glowing moon, reflecting brightly from snowy mountains, showed them a lake and this path, which we are traveling happily, because our climbing is so easy. Yay! PARTICIPIAL CLAUSE RELATIVE CLAUSE CAUSAL CLAUSE

11. 1. Parts of speech and grammatical functions GRAMMATICAL FUNCTION SUBJECT within relative clause MAIN VERB within relative clause DIRECT OBJECT within relative clause this path, which we are traveling

12. 1. Parts of speech and grammatical functions GRAMMATICAL FUNCTION Our climbing is so easy. SUBJECT MAIN VERB COMPLEMENT/ PREDICATE

13. 1. Parts of speech and grammatical functions IN LATIN SUBJECT MAIN VERB DIRECT OBJECT Graecia capta ferum victōrem cēpit Noun (proper noun) Participle Adjective Noun Verb Greece having-been-captured (her) fierce conqueror captured

14. 1. Parts of speech and grammatical functions IN LATIN SUBJECT MAIN VERB COMPLEMENT/PREDICATE ōrātor est vir bonus dīcendī perītus Noun Verb ‘to be’ Gerund Noun (An) orator is (a) man good (and) at-speaking skilled Adjective

15. 2. How to learn Latin vocabulary “Principal parts”: NOUNS agricola, agricolae m.farmer fortūna, fortūnae f.chance, luck, fortune cōnsilium, cōnsiliī n. plan, advice Nominative singular form = basic form Genitive singular form (“of the farmer”) = crucial info Grammatical gender = crucial info Different senses in English = crucial for changing contexts Dōn’t fōrgēt yōūr mācrōns!

16. 2. How to learn Latin vocabulary “Principal parts”: VERBS vocō, vocāre, vocāvī, vocātusto call; name dēbeō, dēbēre, dēbuī, dēbitusto owe; to be obligated to (“I ought”) iaceō, iacēre, iacui, —to lie (e.g., on the ground) 1 st person singular present active indicative (“I call”) present active infinitive (“to call”) 1 st person singular perfect active indicative (“I have called/I called”) perfect passive participle (“having been called”) Why do you think there’s no 4 th principal part for iaceō ?

17. 2. How to learn Latin vocabulary For the next class-meeting: Be ready to be quizzed on vocab list at end of chs. 1 & 2. Give a dictionary entry for rosa: rosa, rosae f. “rose” Give the Latin word for “be afraid”: timeō, timēre, timuī, — “to fear, be afraid” VOCAB FLASHCARDS: http://www.leakyroofproductions.com/DataFiles/Shelmerdine_Latin/c hapters_01-05/chapter_01/index.1.htm