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Latin American Revolutions
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Society Divided Class dictated people’s place in society
1st - Peninsulares - Born in Spain 2nd - Creoles - Spaniards born in Latin America 3rd Mestizos - Euro and “Indian” ancestry 4th Mulattos - Euro and African 5th - “Indians”
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Revolutions in the Americas
Revolution in Haiti ,000 Africans revolted By All slaves free in Haiti Independent from France
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Creoles Lead Independence
Creoles educated Enlightenment ideas Revolt after Spanish king replaced
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Simon Bolivar Venezuelan Creole
Declared independence from Spain Suffered many defeats Finally won Ven’s independence Met Jose de San Martin in Ecuador
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Jose de San Martin Argentinean Declared independence in 1816
Freed Chile Peru Free - Last major war for independence
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Mexico Ends Spanish Rule
Miguel Hidalgo - Priest called for rebellion against Spanish Indian and Mestizos marched toward Mex. City Army defeated Hidalgo in 1811
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Mexico Ends Spanish Rule
Jose Maria Morelos - Rebels rallied around him and fought for 4 years Creole officer defeated him in 1815 Rev in Spain --> Creoles nervous --> proclaim independence in 1821 Several C. American countries declare independence
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Brazil’s Royal Liberator
No violent upheavals or bloodshed Napoleon came to Portugal and Spain, Prince John fled Rio de Janeiro became capital of Portuguese empire for 14 yrs. After Napoleon, John returned to Portugal --> plan to make colony again
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Brazil’s Royal Liberator
Son, Dom Pedro stayed behind Creoles in Brazil demanded independence Dom Pedro asked to rule, agreed Declared independence
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