1. 1 GEM Tracker for high luminosity experiments at JLab Hall A Evaristo Cisbani (8), V. Bellini (5), M. Capogni (2), S. Colilli (8), R. De Leo (4), R. De Oliveira (1), V. De Smet (3,5), R. Fratoni (8), S. Frullani (8), F. Giuliani (8), M. Gricia (8), F. Librizzi (5), M. Lucentini (8), F. Mammoliti (5), S. Minutoli (6), P. Musico (6), F. Noto (5), R. Perrino (7), F. Santavenere (8), C. Sutera (1) CERN, Geneva, Swiss (2) ENEA Casaccia, Italy (3) Haute Ecole Paul Henri Spaak, ISIB-Brussels, Belgium (4) INFN Bari and University of Bari, Bari, Italy (5) INFN Catania and Catania University, Catania, Italy (6) INFN Genova, Genova, Italy (7) INFN Lecce, Lecce, Italy (8) INFN Roma Sanità group and Italian National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy MPGD2011 - 29 August 2011 - Kobe E. Cisbani et al. – GEM Tracker @ JLab Hall A 1

2. 2 Energy Upgrade of CEBAF accelerator @ JLab CHL-2 Upgrade magnets and power supplies add Hall D (and beam line) 6 GeV CEBAF (< 2013) Max Current: 200  A Max Energy: 0.8 - 5.7 GeV Long. Polarization: 75-85% 12 GeV CEBAF (>2013) Max Current: 90  A Max Energy Hall A,B,C: 10.9 GeV Max Energy Hall D: 12 GeV Long. Polarization: 75-85% $ 310M MPGD2011 - 29 August 2011 - Kobe E. Cisbani et al. – GEM Tracker @ JLab Hall A

3. 3 Hall AHall B/CLASHall C Two High Momentum Resolution + one large angular acceptance spectrometers Dedicated neutron and gamma detectors Large acceptance High multiplicity reconstruction Six coils Toroidal field Two Asymmetric spectrometers High momentum range and high resolution Dedicated detectors High beam currents (>100  A), lumi 10 37 cm -2 s -1 Tagged real photons beam High beam currents (>100  A), lumi 10 37 cm -2 s -1 3 He T/L Polarized target, high flexibility unpol. from H to Pb NH 3 /ND 3 Polarized long. target NH 3 /ND 3 Polarized long. target, high flexibility unpol. from H to Pb Large and flexible installations Fixed 4pi detectorLarge and flexible installations Experimental Halls Today MPGD2011 - 29 August 2011 - Kobe E. Cisbani et al. – GEM Tracker @ JLab Hall A

4. 4 Hall AHall B/CLAS12Hall CHall D/GLUEX + 1 large angular and momentum, high lumi spectrometer with hadron ID + large acceptance solenoid detector New beam line New large acceptance detector with recoil detector (possibly extended hadron ID) + “super high” momentum spectrometer Excellent hermetic coverage, Solenoid field High multiplicity reconstruction + lumi 10 38 cm -2 s -1 + improved tagger for real photons 10 8 linearly polarized real, 9 GeV, photons/s + higher targets thickness + trans. polarized H/D target hallaweb.jlab.orgwww.jlab.org/Hall-Bwww.jlab.org/Hall-C www.jlab.org/Hall-D www.gluex.org Experimental Halls after 2013 MPGD2011 - 29 August 2011 - Kobe E. Cisbani et al. – GEM Tracker @ JLab Hall A

5. 5 JLab physics investigations 1.Origin of quark and gluon confinement (non-perturbative QCD) –Gluonic excitations, existence and properties of exotic mesons (and baryons) –Mesons and baryons spectroscopy 2.Dynamics of the quarks/gluons in the nucleons –Parton Distributions Functions (and Fragmentation Functions) –New view of nucleon structure via the Generalized Parton Distributions (GPDs) accessed in Exclusive Reactions –Form Factors at high Q 2, improve knowledge of charge and current in the nucleons – constraints on the GPDs 3.Dynamics of the nucleons in the nuclei –The Quark Structure of Nuclei (resolving the EMC effect) –The Short-Range Behavior of the N-N Interaction and Its QCD Basis –Quark propagation through Nuclear Matter (hadronization) 4.Standard model limits –High Precision Tests of the Standard Model via Parity-Violating Electron Scattering Experiments (low energy but very high luminosity) MPGD2011 - 29 August 2011 - Kobe E. Cisbani et al. – GEM Tracker @ JLab Hall A

6. 6 Some challenging experiments in Hall A ExperimentsLuminosity (s·cm 2 ) -1 Tracking Area (cm 2 ) Resolution Angular (mrad) Vertex (mm) Momentum (%) GMn - GEnup to 7·10 37 40x150 and 50x200 < 1<20.5% GEp(5) up to 8·10 38 40x120, 50x200 and 80x300 <0.7 ~1.5 ~ 10.5% SIDISup to 2·10 37 40x120, 40x150 and 50x200 ~ 0.5~1~1<1% Maximum reusability: same trackers in different experimental configuration Most demanding HighRates LargeArea Down to ~ 70  m spatial resolution MPGD2011 - 29 August 2011 - Kobe E. Cisbani et al. – GEM Tracker @ JLab Hall A

7. 7 SuperBigbite Spectrometer in Hall A SiD Large luminosity Moderate acceptance Forward angles Reconfigurable detectors Large luminosity Moderate acceptance Forward angles Reconfigurable detectors Electronics for: Small silicon detector (SiD) Front GEM tracker Large backward GEM trackers  >100k channels High photon up to 250 MHz/cm2 and electron 160 kHz/cm2 background Use VME64x MPGD2011 - 29 August 2011 - Kobe E. Cisbani et al. – GEM Tracker @ JLab Hall A

8. 8 Tracker approach: 40x50 cm 2 Module Use the same “basic” module for all trackers types –Size: 40x50 cm 2 active area + 8 mm frame width FEM study: –3 x GEM foils (moving to single mask tech.) –2D strip readout (a la COMPASS) - 0.4 mm pitch –x/y coordinates Two exceptions in readout foil: 1.Front Tracker last 2 chambers: Double segmented readout to reduce occupancy (Pentchev talk) 2.Coordinate Detector: 1D strip readout 1 mm pitch MPGD2011 - 29 August 2011 - Kobe E. Cisbani et al. – GEM Tracker @ JLab Hall A

9. 9 Tracker Chambers configuration Modules are composed to form larger chambers with different sizes Electronics along the borders and behind the frame (at 90°) – cyan and blue in drawing Carbon fiber support frame around the chamber (cyan in drawing); dedicated to each chamber configuration Front Tracker Geometry x6 Back Trackers Geometry X(4+4) GEp(5) SBS MPGD2011 - 29 August 2011 - Kobe E. Cisbani et al. – GEM Tracker @ JLab Hall A

10. 1010 Drfit, GEM and Readout foils 20 HV sectors on one side of the GEM Reference holes Gas In/Out HV Terminals ZIF terminals (0.3 mm pitch) Protection resistors on each HV sectors MPGD2011 - 29 August 2011 - Kobe E. Cisbani et al. – GEM Tracker @ JLab Hall A

11. 1 Gas Flow / COMSOL MultiPhysics Simulation V. De Smet + F. Noto Maximize Uniformity and steady flux Minimize spacer apertures Final design MPGD2011 - 29 August 2011 - Kobe E. Cisbani et al. – GEM Tracker @ JLab Hall A

12. 1212 MonteCarlo + Digitazation + Tracking High  + e background hits  MHz/cm2 (Signal is red) Bogdan Wojtsekhowski + Ole Hansen + Vahe Mamyan et al. 6 GEM chambers with x/y readout Use multisamples (signal shape) for background filtering MPGD2011 - 29 August 2011 - Kobe E. Cisbani et al. – GEM Tracker @ JLab Hall A

13. 1313 Electronics Components GEM  FEC  MPD  DAQ Main features: Use analog readout APV25 chips 2 “active” components: Front-End card and VME64x custom module Copper cables between front-end and VME Optional backplane (user designed) acting as signal bus, electrical shielding, GND distributor and mechanical support 2D Readout 75 mm 49.5 mm 8 mm Up to 10m twisted, shielded copper cable (HDMI) Passive backplane (optional) MPGD2011 - 29 August 2011 - Kobe E. Cisbani et al. – GEM Tracker @ JLab Hall A

14. 1414 Front End Card (Proto 1 – basically final) GEM  FEC  MPD  DAQ Analog Output Input Protection diodes Panasonic FPC connectors Analog driver (not used) Voltage regulator Thermometer 2 In/Out options APV25 bonding on PCB Digital Input + Power supply ERNI marketing changed: female connector available only wired Analog out + Digital Input + Power supply APV25 Improved ZIF connectors (2x77) and grounding in the final version mainly for test MPGD2011 - 29 August 2011 - Kobe E. Cisbani et al. – GEM Tracker @ JLab Hall A

15. 1515 Radiation Hardness Test of Voltage Regulators Irradiated by 137Cs (0.834 Gy/min) for 3 days -> corresponding to about 4.5 JLab years of operation Comparison of Rad. Hard LHC 4913 PDU and Standard SMD TPS736 Voltage Regulators Power Cycle MPGD2011 - 29 August 2011 - Kobe E. Cisbani et al. – GEM Tracker @ JLab Hall A

16. 1616 M ulti P urpose D igitizer v1  VME64x controller hosts the digitization of the analog signals coming from the front-end card.  It handles all control signals required by the front end cards (up to 16 FE)  Compliant to the JLab/12 VME64x VITA 41 (VXS) standard  We intend to make it accessible by standard VME/32 as well  2 HDMI-type A: digital lines + 2 analog lines (compatible with RD51/SRS hybrids connector)  2 HDMI-type B: 16 analog lines  Added delay line for clock-convert phase fine tuning (DELAY25 from CERN) Digital OUT (HDMI) 16 Analog IN (HDMI) Analog Receivers ADCs 50 MHz 12 bits USB ETH Optical Fiber 2x64Mbyte SDRAM Live Insertion Hot-Swap Oscillators (100 MHz, 62.5 MHz) Flash EPROM Thermometer Voltage Regulators MPGD2011 - 29 August 2011 - Kobe E. Cisbani et al. – GEM Tracker @ JLab Hall A

17. 1717 Electronics layout on one chamber FE cards are connected by a passive backplane (with hard rad voltage regulators); backplane acts as a good GND connection for the cards Front-end cards are electromagnetically shielded by backplane and external frame (with thin conductive tape) MPGD2011 - 29 August 2011 - Kobe E. Cisbani et al. – GEM Tracker @ JLab Hall A

18. 1818 External Service Frame Mechanical support of: GEM module Electronics Services (Gas, Cabling...) MPGD2011 - 29 August 2011 - Kobe E. Cisbani et al. – GEM Tracker @ JLab Hall A

19. 1919 Assembling the first 40x50 cm2 module Stretching Gluing the next frame with spacers Foil Tension: T = 2 kg/cm Spacer Sector: S = 170 cm2 Expected maximum pressure on foil P  10 N/m2  Maximum foil deformation: u  0.0074 * P * S / T = 6.4  m Use stretching and spacers to keep foil flat MPGD2011 - 29 August 2011 - Kobe E. Cisbani et al. – GEM Tracker @ JLab Hall A Stretcher design from LNF / Bencivenni et al.

20. 2020 Beam test @ DESY (EUDET support) MPGD2011 - 29 August 2011 - Kobe E. Cisbani et al. – GEM Tracker @ JLab Hall A

21. 2121 Beam test @ DESY (EUDET support) Fully equiped GEM module 18 front-end cards 2304 channels (front end cards on the other side) 7 independente HV levels 2-6 GeV low intensity electron beam / silicon tracker available Data taking: end of 2010 MPGD2011 - 29 August 2011 - Kobe E. Cisbani et al. – GEM Tracker @ JLab Hall A

22. 2 Beam test @ DESY (EUDET support) Dec/2010 On-line data: beam profile July/2010 (10x10 cm2 GEM) Large improvement from July/2010 MPGD2011 - 29 August 2011 - Kobe E. Cisbani et al. – GEM Tracker @ JLab Hall A

23. 2323 Single Events @ DESY 2010 Test Clear hits But still noisy events x y Electronics Firmware were not fully reliable (several misaligned events and channels) which makes the analysis quite difficult. MPGD2011 - 29 August 2011 - Kobe E. Cisbani et al. – GEM Tracker @ JLab Hall A

24. 2424 CERN test (magnetic field effects) Electronics firmware consolidated but  No chance to take good data: lost the 40x50 prototype (GEM 2 short) due (likely) to improper operation of the HV system. MPGD2011 - 29 August 2011 - Kobe E. Cisbani et al. – GEM Tracker @ JLab Hall A

25. 2525 Magnetic field / Extrapolation from KLOE Data Limit due to readout pitch Expected fringe field at JLab MPGD2011 - 29 August 2011 - Kobe E. Cisbani et al. – GEM Tracker @ JLab Hall A

26. 2626 10x10 GEM Tracker for High Intensity Test MPGD2011 - 29 August 2011 - Kobe E. Cisbani et al. – GEM Tracker @ JLab Hall A

27. 2727 Electronics (2500 channels) @ Olympus GEM Commissioning this year; data taking in 2012 The APV electronics has been installed on the Olympus GEM tracker made of 6 10x10 chambers with 2D readout (pad/strip) MPGD2011 - 29 August 2011 - Kobe E. Cisbani et al. – GEM Tracker @ JLab Hall A

28. 2828 Conclusions ● Several improvements in the last 6 months: ● Bugs fixed (in electronics firmware mainly) ● Mechanics and GEM design improved ● Montecarlo and Track Reconstruction ● Firmware largely improved ● Design of the JLab GEM Tracker is finalized ● Work is still in progress in several directions: ● External service frame under finalization ● Readout electronics firmware (move to external SDRAM) ● DAQ Software ● Data analysis ● HV system - independent channels with current monitor (LNF/Corradi) ● New production of 40x50 module just requested (mechanics and foils); clean room ready; stretcher under revision ● Final electronics production will start in second half of September MPGD2011 - 29 August 2011 - Kobe E. Cisbani et al. – GEM Tracker @ JLab Hall A

29. 2929 The Medusa Silicon Microstrip routing PCB – to APV cards MPGD2011 - 29 August 2011 - Kobe E. Cisbani et al. – GEM Tracker @ JLab Hall A F. De Persio F. Meddi G.M. Urciuoli