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Early Civilization Test Review
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I.Paleolithic Age - Men and women of the Paleolithic Age were nomads.
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They live in bands of no more than 2-3 dozen people. SMALL GROUPS
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2. Neolithic Revolution 10,000 B.C. 3.Discovery of farming/ and the domestication of animals
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4. Permanent Settlements New Technology Increase in Population More Complex Society New Cultural Developments Steady Food Source
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5. Tigris River & Euphrates River
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6. Fertile Crescent is also known as MESOPOTAMIA!
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7. Sumerians are the first civilization to develop in Mesopotamia. 3,300 B.C.
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8. Sumerians were ruled by monarchs (kings).
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9. Code of Hammurabi: First set of written laws created by King Hammurabi to unify the laws throughout an empire.
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10. Egyptian Empire was surrounded by deserts (Eastern and Western Desert).
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11. Positive-- Kept invaders out. NATURAL BARRIER!
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12. Egyptians traded with Sumerians and Nubians
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13. Hieroglyphics—system of writing using pictures and symbols. *culturally diffused from Sumerian Cuneiform
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14. Shang Dynasty- ∙1 st dynasty to leave written records.
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15a.Mandate of Heaven—theory that it is justified to overthrow a bad government with the approval of the gods. B. Started by the Zhou Dynasty
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16. Two major river systems are: 1. Yangtze River (AKA—Chang Jiang) 2. Huang He (AKA—Yellow)
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17. Chinese called themselves the “Middle Kingdom” a. thought they were the center of the civilized world
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18.Monsoons: seasonal winds that dominate Indus’s climate
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19.Natural barriers between India and the rest of the Asian continent: 1. Himalaya Mountains 2. Thar Desert 3. Hindu Kush Mountains 4. Karakoram Mountains
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20. China’s natural barriers: 1. Gobi Desert 2.Taklamakan Desert 3. Plateau of Tibet 4. Himalaya Mountains
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21. Natural Barriers provide protection by keeping out invaders.
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22. Common features: *developed on rivers *transportation *trade *irrigation *silt/fertile soil *polytheistic *system of writing
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23. Rivers provided: *transportation *trade *irrigation *silt/fertile soil
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Sumerian Achievements/Contributions: WheelSailPlow
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Ziggurats – temples:
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Cuneiform: 1 st system of writing
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A. Code of Hammurabi: first set of written laws
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Egyptian Contributions and Achievements: 1. Hieroglyphics—system of writing using pictures and symbols.
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Papyrus—paper made from reeds that grew in the marshy Nile delta.
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Pyramids—tombs for pharaohs Pyramids at Giza
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Pharoahs—Egyptian God- Kings Theocracy—Gov’t in which the ruler is believed to be a god or a representative of the god(s).
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Indus Contributions/Achievements : A. City building: 1. Kalibangan 2. Mohenjo-Daro 3. Harappa
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Laid cities in precise grid system
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Engineers built plumbing and sewage systems.
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Sanskrit—system of writing
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YellowContributions/Achievements : *Mandate of Heaven—theory that it is justified to overthrow a bad government with the approval of the gods.
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Mandate of Heaven
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Ancient Chinese Writing
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