1. Political Geography Review

2. Types of Government Monarchy Theocracy Democracy Republic Dictatorship
Communist
Totalitarian

3. Related Terms
Nation
State
Nation State
Stateless Nation

4. China and Taiwan
Taiwan is NOT a member of the UN

5. Development of the “state”
Not the United “States”
City-state – first evolved in Mesopotamia
Walls defined city boundaries
City controlled land outside wall too
Led to empires
Vatican City is a present-day city-state

6. Colonialism
When did it start?
Why?

7. Backstory… In 711, Muslims conquer Spain
control for over 700 years
Spanish reconquista culminates in 1492, along side the Spanish Inquisition
Spain says convert, leave, or die to non-Christians
Need to find a new trade route to Asia, avoid more Muslim conflict

9. Israel and Palestine Creation of Israel in 1948
Palestinians are generally Arab Muslims
Israelis are Jewish
Palestinians seek statehood

10. Microstate
Very small states, less than 1000 sq. mi. – Monaco is smallest in UN
Many are islands
Vatican City is a microstate but not a part of the UN

11. Shapes of States
Compact – little variance in distance from center to any boundary
Interaction is easier
Examples: Burundi, Kenya, Switzerland

12. Prorupted States
An otherwise compact state with a large projecting extension
Can provide access to a resource
Can disrupt other states
Examples: Nambia, Thailand, DRC, Myanmar

13. Elongated States Long and narrow shape
Can lead to isolation or hinder communication and interaction
Example: Chile, Argentina, Vietnam

14. Fragmented State Contains several discontinuous pieces of territory
Can be caused by water or other states
Ex: Indonesia, Philippines, Russia

15. Perforated States Completely surrounds another state
Diplomacy is crucial
Ex: South Africa (perforated) and Lesotho (compact)

17. Know these organizations and their functionsEU
NATO
Warsaw Pact
NAFTA
ASEAN

18. Major Conceptual Connections
Migration - quotas, refugees, political push and pull factors
Religion – theocracies, shapes lawmaking
Population – political policies respond to demographics of each country – One Child Policy
Ethnicity – Governments may discriminate
Rural and Urban Land Use – Zoning Ordinances
Development – Women’s participation in government

19. 2006 Released AP Test
Political Land Use Questions

20. Which of the following correctly lists the usual hierarchy of political-administrative units in order from the largest to the smallest?
Empire, county, province, nation-state
Province, empire, nation-state, county
Empire, nation-state, province, county
County, nation-state, province, empire
Empire, nation-state, county, province

21. Which of the following correctly lists the usual hierarchy of political-administrative units in order from the largest to the smallest?
Empire, county, province, nation-state
Province, empire, nation-state, county
Empire, nation-state, province, county
County, nation-state, province, empire
Empire, nation-state, county, province

22. With respect to the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) between the United States, Canada, and Mexico, which of the following statements is NOT true?
It resulted in increased trade among member nations
It outlines an eventual supranational governing body for North America.
It led to a net trade deficit for the United States with Canada and Mexico
It facilitated the movement of tertiary-sector industries from the United States to Mexico
It eventually may include other Latin American countries

23. With respect to the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) between the United States, Canada, and Mexico, which of the following statements is NOT true?
It resulted in increased trade among member nations
It outlines an eventual supranational governing body for North America.
It led to a net trade deficit for the United States with Canada and Mexico
It facilitated the movement of tertiary-sector industries from the United States to Mexico
It eventually may include other Latin American countries

25. The term Balkanization refers to the
Fragmentation of a region into smaller units
Introduction of an economic system of free enterprise
Spread of Slavic languages
Industrial growth in less-developed nations
Military and economic alliance of a group of countries

26. The term Balkanization refers to the
Fragmentation of a region into smaller units
Introduction of an economic system of free enterprise
Spread of Slavic languages
Industrial growth in less-developed nations
Military and economic alliance of a group of countries

28. The shape of North Carolina’s Twelfth Congressional District, shown below, is most likely the result of
Watershed boundaries
gerrymandering
County boundaries
decentralization
amalgamation

29. The shape of North Carolina’s Twelfth Congressional District, shown above, is most likely the result of
Watershed boundaries
gerrymandering
County boundaries
decentralization
amalgamation

30. The European Union, the Arab League, and the United Nations are all examples of
Pressure groups
Nation-states
Centrifugal organizations
Supranational organizations
federations

31. The European Union, the Arab League, and the United Nations are all examples of
Pressure groups
Nation-states
Centrifugal organizations
Supranational organizations
federations

33. Which of the following has fostered the most significant economic growth by eliminating import tariffs between member states?
European Union (EU)
Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
Association of Caribbean States (ACS)
United Nations (UN)

34. Which of the following has fostered the most significant economic growth by eliminating import tariffs between member states?
European Union (EU)
Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
Association of Caribbean States (ACS)
United Nations (UN)

35. Land parcels in the American Midwest tend to be rectilinear because
The federal survey system adopted in the late eighteenth century imposed a geometric pattern on the landscape
Native American settlement patterns were rectangular
English-speaking settlers replicated the landscape patterns of England
Spanish colonists laid out settlements in a rigid geometric pattern
There were no mountains or rivers to use as boundaries

36. Land parcels in the American Midwest tend to be rectilinear because
The federal survey system adopted in the late eighteenth century imposed a geometric pattern on the landscape
Native American settlement patterns were rectangular
English-speaking settlers replicated the landscape patterns of England
Spanish colonists laid out settlements in a rigid geometric pattern
There were no mountains or rivers to use as boundaries

38. Which of the following terms refers to an area of instability located between regions with opposing political and cultural values?
Rimland
Heartland
Shatter belt
enclave
Gerrymandered area

39. Which of the following terms refers to an area of instability located between regions with opposing political and cultural values?
Rimland
Heartland
Shatter belt
enclave
Gerrymandered area

41. Violent confrontations in Ambon, Aceh, and East Timor illustrate the problem of holding together the physically and culturally diverse country of
India
Indonesia
Brazil
South Africa
Yugoslavia

42. Violent confrontations in Ambon, Aceh, and East Timor illustrate the problem of holding together the physically and culturally diverse country of
India
Indonesia
Brazil
South Africa
Yugoslavia

43. Which of the following countries did NOT have a significant, long-lasting colonial presence in Africa after 1920?
Germany
Great Britain
France
Portugal
Belgium

44. Which of the following countries did NOT have a significant, long-lasting colonial presence in Africa after 1920?
Germany
Great Britain
France
Portugal
Belgium

45. The provisions of the United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea coastal countries navigational and economic sovereignty over which of the following zones?
Twelve-nautical-mile territorial sea zone
Export processing zone (EPZ)
200-nautical-mile exclusive economic zone
Empowerment zone
Continental shelf

46. The provisions of the United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea coastal countries navigational and economic sovereignty over which of the following zones?
Twelve-nautical-mile territorial sea zone
Export processing zone (EPZ)
200-nautical-mile exclusive economic zone
Empowerment zone
Continental shelf

48. The Canadian government created the new territory of Nunavut in order to
Re-create the pre-1912 boundary of Quebec
Recognize the territorial rights of indigenous people in the area
Facilitate the exploration of mineral resources in the Northwest Territories
Grant autonomy to the Cree and Mohawk people living in eastern Canada
Guarantee Canadian fishing rights in the Atlantic Ocean

49. The Canadian government created the new territory of Nunavut in order to
Re-create the pre-1912 boundary of Quebec
Recognize the territorial rights of indigenous people in the area
Facilitate the exploration of mineral resources in the Northwest Territories
Grant autonomy to the Cree and Mohawk people living in eastern Canada
Guarantee Canadian fishing rights in the Atlantic Ocean

50. Inuit people – The First Nations