1. Chapter 1 Chapter 1: Networking with Microsoft Windows 2000 Server

2. Chapter 1 Learning Objectives n Plan what network model to apply to your network n Compare the differences between Windows 2000 Professional, Server, Advanced Server, and Datacenter n Explain Windows 2000 capabilities as a server operating system

3. Chapter 1 Learning Objectives (continued) n Explain the new features in Windows 2000 n Describe the file systems that are compatible with Windows 2000 and choose the file system that is right for your server

4. Chapter 1 Basic Network Concepts n Network Operating System (NOS) u Software that enables computer users to share computer equipment, software, and data, voice, and video transmissions n Network u A communications system that enables computer users to share computer equipment, software, and data, voice, and video transmissions

5. Chapter 1 Basic Network Concepts Figure 1-1 Networking across continents

6. Chapter 1 Basic Network Concepts n Client u A computer that accesses resources on another computer via a network or by a direct connection

7. Chapter 1 Basic Network Concepts n Workstation u A computer that has its own CPU and may be used as a standalone computer for word processing, spreadsheet creation, or other software applications. It also may be used to access another computer such as a mainframe computer or file server, as long as the necessary network hardware and software are installed.

8. Chapter 1 Peer-to-Peer Network Model n Peer-to-peer network u A network where any computer can communicate with other networked computers on an equal or peer-like basis without going through an intermediary, such as a server or host. u Often used in very small organizations, such as a two to ten person office.

9. Chapter 1 A Simple Peer-to-peer Network Figure 1-2 A simple peer-to-peer network without a server

10. Chapter 1 Advantages of Peer-to-Peer Networking n A group of computers can share files, folders, and printers n Peer-to-peer networking is easy to set up n Supports using workgroups u A Microsoft workgroup is a number of users who share drive and printer resources in an independent peer-to-peer relationship.

11. Chapter 1 Disadvantages of Peer-to-Peer Networking n Offers only moderate network security n No centralized storage or account management n Not effective for complex network management n Not optimized for simultaneous access by over 9 or 10 computers

12. Chapter 1 Server-Based Network Model n Server-based network u A model in which access to the network, to resources, and the management of resources is accomplished through one or more servers. u Used particularly in medium and large organizations.

13. Chapter 1 A Server-Based Network Figure 1-3 A server-based network

14. Chapter 1 Advantages of the Server-Based Model n Provides extensive multiuser access to resources n Ideal for coordinated server and network management n Provides robust security to network resources n Contributes to fast network performance

15. Chapter 1 Disadvantages of the Server-Based Model n Generally requires more advanced planning than peer-to-peer networking n Can be more complex to set up than peer-to-peer networking

16. Chapter 1 Using Windows 2000 Server in a Server-Based Model n Enables extensive file, folder, and printer sharing n Access to resources can be centralized, decentralized, or a combination of both n Provides robust management of software applications n Provides a strong platform for e-mail, Web services, and e-commerce

17. Chapter 1 Using Windows 2000 Server in a Server-Based Model (continued) n Enables coordinated backups of network data resources n Sharing of computer resources can be arranged to reflect the work patterns of groups within an organization n Server administration can save time and money when installing software and software upgrades

18. Chapter 1 Total Cost of Ownership n Total Cost of Ownership: The cost of installing and maintaining computers and equipment on a network, which includes hardware, software, maintenance, and support costs.

19. Chapter 1 Windows 2000 Professional n Designed for workstation use n Used with Windows 2000 Server to reduce the TCO n Supports up to two processors n Handles up to 4 GB of RAM

20. Chapter 1 Windows 2000 Server n A full featured server operating system n Supports up to four processors n Handles up to 4 GB of RAM n Offers a wide range of services and user connectivity options

21. Chapter 1 Example Windows 2000 Server Services n Handles virtually unlimited user connections (depending on the hardware) n Active Directory management n Network management n Web-based management services n Network-wide security management

22. Chapter 1 Example Windows 2000 Server Services (continued) n Network storage management n Remote network access n Terminal services n Distributed file services n High-speed network connectivity n Application services management n Network printer management

23. Chapter 1 Windows 2000 Server Versions Target Applications n Windows 2000 Server u Provides full server services as a file, print, Web, e-mail, and e-commerce server n Windows 2000 Advanced Server u Intended for high-end enterprise networks that use server clustering n Windows 2000 Datacenter u Intended for large databases

24. Chapter 1 Windows 2000 Server Versions Compared n Windows 2000 Server u Up to 4 processors and 4 GB of RAM n Windows 2000 Advanced Server u Up to 8 processors, 8 GB of RAM, and supports server clustering n Windows 2000 Datacenter u Up to 32 processors, 64 GB of RAM, and supports server clustering

25. Chapter 1 Server Clustering n Clustering: The ability to share the computing load and resources by linking two or more discrete computer systems to function as though they are one.

26. Chapter 1 Clustering Figure 1-4 Server clustering

27. Chapter 1 Windows 2000 Server Fundamental Capabilities n Sharing Resources n Managing Resources n Scalability and compatibility n Reliability n Distributability n Fault tolerance n Internet integration and e-commerce

28. Chapter 1 Sharing Resources n Data files and folders u Centralized access and fast searches, particularly when the Active Directory is implemented n Printers u Easily configured and published printer resources n Application Software u Network installation or option to run software on the server

29. Chapter 1 Mapped Drive or Folder n Mapped drive or folder: A disk volume or folder that is shared on the network by a server or workstation. It gives designated network workstations access to the files and data in its shared volume or folder. The workstation, via software, determines a drive letter for the shared volume, which is the workstation’s map to the data.

30. Chapter 1 Shared Drives Figure 1-5 Accessing shared server drives

31. Chapter 1 Managing Resources n Windows 2000 provides a coordinated way to manage network resources n The Active Directory is one example of a resource management tool

32. Chapter 1 Resource n Resource: has two meanings depending on the context u On an Windows 2000 Server network, a file server, shared printer, or shared directory that can be accessed by users u On a workstation or server, a resource is an IRQ, I/O address, or memory that is allocated to a computer component, such as a disk drive or communications port

33. Chapter 1 Security n Windows 2000 Server is designed to be compatible with the U.S. Government’s C2 top secret class of security: u File and folder protection u Account and network access passwords u File, folder, and account auditing u Server access protection on a network u Server management controls

34. Chapter 1 Scalability and Compatibility n Scalable: A computer operating system that can be used on small to large computers, such as those with a single Intel-based processor and larger computers, such as those with multiple processors.

35. Chapter 1 Symmetric Multiprocessor n Symmetric Multiprocessor (SMP): A type of computer with two or more CPUs that share the processing load.

36. Chapter 1 Windows 2000 Server Host System Compatibility n Windows 2000 Server can communicate with many kinds of other host operating systems. u IBM mainframe u Novell NetWare u UNIX u Banyan u DEC

37. Chapter 1 Windows 2000 Server Client System Compatibility n Typical operating systems that access Windows 2000 Server as clients are: u MS-DOS u Windows 3.x u Windows 95 and Windows 98 u Windows NT u Windows 2000 u Macintosh u UNIX

38. Chapter 1 Reliability n Windows 2000 Server is reliable because the kernel operates in privileged mode n MS-DOS and Windows 16-bit programs run in the virtual DOS machine so they do not impact 32-bit programs and the operating system, which are running at the same time

39. Chapter 1 Operating System Kernel n Kernel: An essential set of programs and computer code that allows a computer operating system to control processor, disk, memory, and other functions central to the basic operation of a computer.

40. Chapter 1 Windows 2000 Privileged Mode n Privileged mode: A protected memory space allocated for the Windows 2000 kernel that cannot be directly accessed by software applications.

41. Chapter 1 Virtual DOS Machine n Virtual DOS Machine: In Windows 2000, a process that emulates an MS-DOS window in which to run MS-DOS or 16-bit Windows programs in a designated area of memory.

42. Chapter 1 Multitasking and Multithreading n Windows 2000 reliability includes multitasking and multithreading. u Multitasking: The capability of a computer to run two or more programs at the same time. u Multithreading:Running several program processes or parts (threads) at the same time. Windows 2000 uses preemptive multitasking. u Multithreading: Running several program processes or parts (threads) at the same time. Windows 2000 uses preemptive multitasking.

43. Chapter 1 Fault Tolerance n Fault Tolerance: Techniques that employ hardware and software to provide assurance against equipment failures, computer service interruptions, and data loss.

44. Chapter 1 Internet Integration and Electronic Commerce n Windows 2000 Server comes with many Internet-related services. u Web server u Intranet and VPN services u Media services u HTML and XML compatibility u FTP Services

45. Chapter 1 New Windows 2000 Server Features n Active Directory u A Windows 2000 database of computers, users, shared printers, shared folders, and other network resources, and resource groupings that is used to manage a network and enable users to quickly find a particular resource.

46. Chapter 1 New Windows 2000 Server Features (continued) n International language capability u Supports more languages and even multiple versions of the same language, such as English used in Britain or English used in the United States

47. Chapter 1 FAT16 n Advantages u Supported by may small computer systems u Low operating overhead u Partitions up to 4 GB (in Windows NT or 2000) u File sizes up to 2 GB n Disadvantages u Can become corrupted over time u Limited file and folder security and no auditing u Does not support long filenames

48. Chapter 1 FAT32 n Advantages u More robust then FAT16 u Enables smaller allocation units than FAT16 (in Windows 2000) u Supports volumes up to 32 GB in Windows 2000 u Supports long file names n Disadvantages u Limited file and folder security and no auditing u Cannot decrease cluster size

49. Chapter 1 NTFS 4 n NTFS 4 is used in Windows NT 4.0 and has the following features u Support for long file names u Files can be compressed u Large file capacity u File activity tracking u POSIX support u Volume striping and volume extensions

50. Chapter 1 NTFS 5 n NTFS 5 is used in Windows 2000 and has the following new features u Ability to encrypt files u No system reboot after creating extended or spanned volumes u Ability to reduce drive designations (mount drives) u Indexing for fast access u Ability to retain shortcuts and other file information when files are transferred between volumes u Ability to set disk quotas

51. Chapter 1 CDFS and UDF n Windows 2000 supports CDFS and UDF u Compact disk file system (CDFS) is a 32- bit file system used on standard capacity CD-ROMs. u Universal Disk Format (UDF) is a removable disk formatting standard used for large capacity CD-ROMs and DVD- ROMs.

52. Chapter 1 Choosing a File System n As a general rule, plan to use NTFS unless you need to use FAT16 or FAT32 for backward compatibility on a system, such as for a dual boot system.

53. Chapter 1 FAT and NTFS Compared Table 1-1 FAT and NTFS compared

54. Chapter 1 FAT and NTFS Compared (continued)

55. Chapter 1 FAT and NTFS Compared (continued)

56. Chapter 1 FAT and NTFS Compared (continued)

57. Chapter 1 Chapter Summary n Network servers are used in familiar and expected places. One example of a familiar place is as a Web server. n The use of server-based networks is outpacing peer-to-peer networks.

58. Chapter 1 Chapter Summary n Windows 2000 Server offers traditional and new server capabilities u File and printer sharing u C2-compatible security u Web and network communications u Network management capabilities u Active Directory u Zero Administration for Windows

59. Chapter 1 Chapter Summary n NTFS is a central feature of Windows 2000 because it offers: u Strong security u Fault tolerance u File compression u Indexing u Disk quotas u File encryption

60. Chapter 1 Chapter Summary n Windows 2000 retains backward compatibility with: u FAT16 u FAT32