1. Starting Windows NT An overview and introduction Instructor: Professor: Dr. Anvari Students: Li-Yen Chen & Chunwa (Joanna) Chan Southeastern University

2. Purposes and Goals The goals of this presentation is to understand the following topics: General questions about Windows NT and Windows 95 - Comparison of Windows 95 and Windows NT - Comparison of NT Server and Workstation Overview of the Architecture of Windows NT Overview of the Windows NT Networking system Tips about Windows NT

3. What’s the differences between Win95/98 and Windows NT? Windows 95/98 File systems: FAT slow when file> 200mb Index: Linked list Support only single processor Weaker security Windows NT File systems: NTFS bigger partition, more secure Index: B-tree Support both single and multiprocessors Stronger security

4. Comparison of Windows 95 and NT Workstation * Information sources: http://microsoft.com/NTWorkstation

5. * POSIX: portable operation system interface based on Unix * Preemptive multitasking: applications are forced to shared the CPU (cooperative multitasking: each program can control the CPU as long as it needs)

7. * Peer-to-peer networking: all account administration is local to each machine and that each machine maintains its own account database. * Remote Access Services: services that allow the connection of the remote user.

8. Comparison of NT Workstation and Sever NT Workstation support 2 processors 10 clients (max) remote access service *: 1 connection only suitable for Intranet Macintosh services: No Peer to peer Network NT Sever 4 processors Unlimited clients remote access service*: 255 connections suitable for Internet Macintosh services: Yes Server

9. Windows NT Design Objectives Extensibility Backoffice Suite (SQL Server, Exchange,..etc.) Portability (from one hardware to another) Written by C, which is not hardware dependent Compatibility DOS, Win16, Win32 and POSIX (Portable Operating System Interface based on UNIX) Compatible. Security Security logon, Discretionary access control, Audit, Memory protection Performance Reliability and Robustness

10. Windows NT Features Networking components NetBEUI, IPX/SPX, TCP/IP, DLC, ApplTalk, PPTP, VLAN Internet/Intranet components Internet Information Server (IIS), FTP server, gopher server. Interoperability components Clients: DOS, Windows95/98, Windows NT workstation, Macintosh. Application-Enabling components Support Inter Process Communication (IPC) Administrative components Primary domain controller, backup domain controller, or standalone. Workstation components A NT server can also be used as a workstation.

11. Windows NT Architecture (1)

12. Windows NT Architecture (2)

13. Windows NT Architecture Kernel mode Hardware Abstraction Layer ( HAL) - Control all of the hardware access - Platform-specific - Protect subsystems and applications work through the executive to access hardware Executive - includes system services (called by the subsystem) and internal routines (called by other executive components) - each of the executive components is independent from the other. - each component can be removed and replaced by new version. User mode (composed of protected subsystems) - Each subsystem is protected one from another. - When an application crash, will not take others down.

14. Windows NT Scalability: ability to run multiprocessor NT uses Symmetric Multiprocessing

15. Networking and Network protocol Basic Networking Concepts –Local area network (LAN) –Personal computer –Network cable –Network interface adapter –Networking protocol –Hub –Server –Client –Peer

16. Windows 95 Peer Windows 95 Peer Network Cable Windows 3.1 Client Windows 3.1 Client Windows 95 Peer Windows 95 Peer Macintosh Client HubWindows NT Server Network Cable

17. Networking and Network protocol Network Architecture –The physical layer Network components: copper wire, fiber- optic cable(glass), radio wavers and so on –The network layer Sending the packets information over the physical layer

18. Networking and Network protocol The Open Systems Interconnect(OSI) Model –Application Layer –Presentation Layer –Session Layer –Transport Layer –Network Layer –Data link Layer –Physical Layer

19. Networking and Network protocol Windows NT Networking Components and boundary layers. –Programming interfaces (boundary) –File system drivers (component) –The transport driver interface(boundary) –transport protocol (component) –Network driver interface specification –Adapter driver(component)

20. Networking and Network protocol Windows NT Server support Network Protocols –NetBEUI : NETBIOS Extended User Interface –IPX/SPX : Internetwork Packet eXchagne/Sequenced Packet eXchange –TCP/IP : Transmission Control Protocol Internet Protocol –DCL : Data Link Control –Apple Talk –Steams –PPTP : Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol

21. Networking and Network protocol Features of TCP/IP –Broad connectivity among all types of computers and servers –Direct access to the Internet –Strong support for routing –Simple SNMP support –Support for DHCP to dynamically assign client IP address –Support for the WINs to allow NetBIOS name resolution among Microsoft clients and servers. –Support for most other Internet protocols such as HTTP, POP, –Centralized TCP/IP domain assignment to allow internetworking between organizations

22. Windows NT Network Security Models The Workgroup Security Model The Domain Security Model

23. Windows NT Server Roles Primary Domain Controller Backup Domain Controller Server –Member Servers –Stand-Alone Servers

24. Starting your Windows NT Windows NT is strong in Security, performance, stability, and networking, but ease of use and hardware configuration is not as good as Windows 95 Notes: Install Windows: –Hardware Selection: Hardware Compatibility List (HCL) –Choosing a File System: NTFS or FAT –Choosing a Domain Role (PDC, BDC, Member sever) Tips: Microsoft strategy: –Windows 98/ NT Workstation take place of Windows 95 –NT Server compete with Unix

26. References Honeycutt J. 1999. Using Windows NT Server 4: Platinum Edition. Donald, L. and J. Chellis. 1997. MCSE: NT Server 4 Enterprise Study Guide. 2nd Edition. Donald, L. and J. Chellis. 1997. MCSE: NT Server 4 Study Guide. 2nd Edition. Links Http://www2.pcworld.com/software/opsystems/articles/ Http://www.geocities.com/SiliconValley/2735/whidvm.html Http://www.microsoft.com/windows/platform/info/how2choose-mb.htm Http://microsoft.com/NTWorkstation/Compare/Compare/Window95/