1. Mgt 240 Lecture Computing at ND: Operating Systems and Software January 18, 2005

2. Miscellaneous Seating charts Seating charts Lecture homework help session Thursday 7-9pm L050 – Andy Grau Lecture homework help session Thursday 7-9pm L050 – Andy Grau Homework for next week – Working with the operating system Homework for next week – Working with the operating system

3. Today in Lecture Review of hardware reading material Review of hardware reading material Operating system software Operating system software Application software with a focus on Excel Application software with a focus on Excel

4. What Tasks Do Your Perform on your Computer When You Start Each Lab Session? What Software Do You Use When You Do Your Work in the Lab?

5. Software Used in Excel Portion of Mgt 240 Lab Operating System Operating System Microsoft Windows XP Microsoft Windows XP Previous versions of Microsoft Windows Previous versions of Microsoft Windows Computer Platform Report Computer Platform Report Computer Platform Report Computer Platform Report Microsoft Excel 2003 Microsoft Excel 2003

6. Operating Systems Software

7. Operating System Software – What is It? Used to control your computer Used to control your computer Starts up computer Starts up computer Controls file storage Controls file storage Controls processing Controls processing Controls hardware and software loaded on computer Controls hardware and software loaded on computer Controls network connections Controls network connections Provides the interface with which you interact Provides the interface with which you interact Responsible for desktop interface (graphical user interface) Responsible for desktop interface (graphical user interface) Whenever the computer is on, the operating system is working Whenever the computer is on, the operating system is working

8. Operating System Software – Where is It Stored? My Computer, Hard Drive, Windows Folder My Computer, Hard Drive, Windows Folder Stored on hard drive Stored on hard drive Look at the Properties of the Windows Folder Look at the Properties of the Windows Folder Takes up a lot of hard drive space Takes up a lot of hard drive space Many different support files and folders Many different support files and folders

9. Operating System Software – Where is it When It’s Running? Windows Task Manager - Ctrl-Alt-Del Windows Task Manager - Ctrl-Alt-Del Applications currently running tab Applications currently running tab This is where you see what applications are currently running on your computer This is where you see what applications are currently running on your computer All of the currently running programs are allocated space in memory (RAM) and processor time All of the currently running programs are allocated space in memory (RAM) and processor time OS not listed OS not listed

10. Operating System Software – Where is it When It’s Running? Processes tab Processes tab Each currently running application and the operating system are made up of processes that are assigned space in memory and processor time Each currently running application and the operating system are made up of processes that are assigned space in memory and processor time 16 of 30 currently running processes on the computer I used to prepare this lecture were devoted to the operating system 16 of 30 currently running processes on the computer I used to prepare this lecture were devoted to the operating system Total memory usage: 58, 216 KB Total memory usage: 58, 216 KB How many MB’s is this? How many MB’s is this? How many MB’s of RAM do you have on a typical PC? How many MB’s of RAM do you have on a typical PC?

11. Operating System Software – Where is it When It’s Running? Performance Tab Performance Tab Totals for Totals for Physical memory (amount of RAM installed on your computer) Physical memory (amount of RAM installed on your computer) Kernel memory (amount of memory devoted to the operating system) Kernel memory (amount of memory devoted to the operating system) Commit charge (amount of memory being used by both applications and operating system) Commit charge (amount of memory being used by both applications and operating system)

12. The Windows Operating System is Big! It takes up a lot of room on your hard drive It takes up a lot of room on your hard drive It takes up a lot of room in memory It takes up a lot of room in memory It takes up processor time It takes up processor time That’s why new versions of Windows have recommendations regarding processor speed, memory size, and hard drive size That’s why new versions of Windows have recommendations regarding processor speed, memory size, and hard drive size

13. Operating System Alternatives Most PC’s come with Windows installed on them (if they’re not Mac’s!) Most PC’s come with Windows installed on them (if they’re not Mac’s!) A lot of people don’t like Windows. They think it’s A lot of people don’t like Windows. They think it’s Too big Too big Not secure enough Not secure enough Has too many bugs (mistakes in its programming that create problems for users) Has too many bugs (mistakes in its programming that create problems for users) Too expensive Too expensive You have to have some operating system running your computer You have to have some operating system running your computer What can you do? What can you do? There are alternatives! There are alternatives! One of them is Linux One of them is LinuxLinux

14. Linux Free Free Based on version of Unix (another operating system that is often used on more powerful computers) Based on version of Unix (another operating system that is often used on more powerful computers) Can come with different interfaces Can come with different interfaces Graphical user interface (like Windows) Graphical user interface (like Windows) Command-line Command-line Many free applications designed to work with the Linux operating system Many free applications designed to work with the Linux operating system Not supported at ND Not supported at ND That means that no one at OIT will help you with it That means that no one at OIT will help you with it not that you can’t use it

15. Operating System Software – Commonly Used Features File management File management Every time you open, copy, or save a file the operating system is involved Every time you open, copy, or save a file the operating system is involved Controlling your computing environment Controlling your computing environment You can adjust everything from your screen saver to your keyboard sensitivity through the control panel – your gateway to many operating system functions You can adjust everything from your screen saver to your keyboard sensitivity through the control panel – your gateway to many operating system functions

16. Operating System Software – File Management The operating system is in charge of all facets of file management The operating system is in charge of all facets of file management It tells the computer what to do about physical file management It tells the computer what to do about physical file management It provides the interface for you to logically manage files It provides the interface for you to logically manage files

17. Physical File Management The operating system assigns memory (RAM) to applications that are currently running on your computer and keeps track of those memory locations (we saw this in the task manager) The operating system assigns memory (RAM) to applications that are currently running on your computer and keeps track of those memory locations (we saw this in the task manager) The operating system assigns storage space and keeps track of where files and applications are stored on your hard drive The operating system assigns storage space and keeps track of where files and applications are stored on your hard drive

18. Properties of Drives, Folders, and Files Look at properties of C: drive. It shows Look at properties of C: drive. It shows What kind of file system the operating system uses: NTFS What kind of file system the operating system uses: NTFS Used to provide physical addresses for your files and applications on your hard drive Used to provide physical addresses for your files and applications on your hard drive How much of your hard drive is used/unused How much of your hard drive is used/unused

19. Properties of Drives, Folders, and Files C: drive properties (cont.) C: drive properties (cont.) Gives you the option to Gives you the option to Clean up your disk (compress old files, delete temporary files, and unused program files) Clean up your disk (compress old files, delete temporary files, and unused program files) Compress entire contents of disk to free up space Compress entire contents of disk to free up space Allow indexing of files for fast search Allow indexing of files for fast search De-fragment drive (puts files with parts stored separately together to speed up access) De-fragment drive (puts files with parts stored separately together to speed up access) Share drives and files Share drives and files Set access rights Set access rights Set security features (encrypt information) Set security features (encrypt information)

20. Logical File Mangement Allows you to create, arrange, and store files in a way that makes sense to you Allows you to create, arrange, and store files in a way that makes sense to you It reflects human thinking about file relationships and doesn’t have anything to do with the physical storage of the files in memory or on the hard drive It reflects human thinking about file relationships and doesn’t have anything to do with the physical storage of the files in memory or on the hard drive In Windows the logical file management tool is windows explorer In Windows the logical file management tool is windows explorer

21. Windows Explorer Allows you to see the logical organization of your drives and files Allows you to see the logical organization of your drives and files You can You can View your files in a number of different ways (View menu) View your files in a number of different ways (View menu) Arrange the files in a folder in a number of different ways Arrange the files in a folder in a number of different ways Create new folders Create new folders Move or copy existing files and folders Move or copy existing files and folders Set folder options Set folder options

22. Operating System Software – Controlling Your Computing Environment In the Windows operating system, the control panel allows you to exert control over many aspects of your computing environment In the Windows operating system, the control panel allows you to exert control over many aspects of your computing environment Open the control panel from the start menu Open the control panel from the start menu You see a number of icons that let you set various parameters on your computer You see a number of icons that let you set various parameters on your computer You will be working with the control panel in your hands-on homework for this lecture You will be working with the control panel in your hands-on homework for this lecture

23. Application Software

24. Application Software Types Personal Personal Group Group Enterprise Enterprise

25. Personal Application Software Allows you to perform specific kinds of tasks, for example Allows you to perform specific kinds of tasks, for example Word processing Word processing Internet browsing Internet browsing Written for specific operating systems Written for specific operating systems MS Office won’t run on Linux MS Office won’t run on Linux Stored on your computer’s hard drive Stored on your computer’s hard drive Allocated memory space and processor time by operating system when you start them up Allocated memory space and processor time by operating system when you start them up

26. Personal Application Software at ND OIT maintains a web page that provides information about the software available on campus OIT maintains a web page that provides information about the software available on campusweb pageweb page The University buys site licenses for many software applications so you can download them onto your campus computer for free. The University buys site licenses for many software applications so you can download them onto your campus computer for free. Here is a list of software that can be downloaded or purchased for reduced cost at ND Here is a list of software that can be downloaded or purchased for reduced cost at NDlist of software that can be downloaded or purchased for reduced cost at NDlist of software that can be downloaded or purchased for reduced cost at ND OIT also provides support (meaning you can call the help desk if you have problems) for many software applications OIT also provides support (meaning you can call the help desk if you have problems) for many software applications software applications software applications

27. Microsoft Campus Agreement 3.0 Allows students to purchase the following software for $45 each: Allows students to purchase the following software for $45 each: Microsoft Windows XP Pro OS Upgrade Microsoft Windows XP Pro OS Upgrade Microsoft Office XP Professional or Office 2003 Professional Microsoft Office XP Professional or Office 2003 Professional Office X or Office 2004 for Mac Office X or Office 2004 for Mac Microsoft Visual Studio.net Pro 2003 Microsoft Visual Studio.net Pro 2003 Microsoft FrontPage 2003 Microsoft FrontPage 2003

28. Application Software Available on Cluster Computers at ND OIT maintains a list of application software available in the various clusters around campus OIT maintains a list of application software available in the various clusters around campuslist of application softwarelist of application software

29. History of Spreadsheet Application Software for PC’s A Brief History of Spreadsheets A Brief History of Spreadsheets A Brief History of Spreadsheets A Brief History of Spreadsheets VisiCalc (late 1970’s) VisiCalc (late 1970’s) VisiCalc Harvard B-School student wanted better way to do his accounting homework (1978) Harvard B-School student wanted better way to do his accounting homework (1978) Wrote a program that became the first spreadsheet Wrote a program that became the first spreadsheet Reference card instructions for VisiCalc Reference card instructions for VisiCalc Reference card instructions for VisiCalc Reference card instructions for VisiCalc Lotus 1-2-3 (early 1980’s) Lotus 1-2-3 (early 1980’s) Developed by Mitch Kapor Developed by Mitch Kapor Added integrated charting, plotting and database capabilities Added integrated charting, plotting and database capabilities First spreadsheet application widely used in business First spreadsheet application widely used in business MS Excel (mid 1980’s) MS Excel (mid 1980’s) Developed first for the 512 K Mac Developed first for the 512 K Mac Graphical user interface Graphical user interface Dominates spreadsheet application market share today Dominates spreadsheet application market share today

30. Microsoft Excel Application Software Software application designed for data analysis Software application designed for data analysis Developed by programmers at Microsoft Developed by programmers at Microsoft Compiled and burned onto cd’s (Open in NotePad – binary code is unintelligible) Compiled and burned onto cd’s (Open in NotePad – binary code is unintelligible) Sold with documentation at stores Sold with documentation at stores Often purchased as part of the Microsoft Office Suite along with Word, Powerpoint, Access, and FrontPage Often purchased as part of the Microsoft Office Suite along with Word, Powerpoint, Access, and FrontPage Licensed to organizations for a certain number of users Licensed to organizations for a certain number of users

31. Microsoft Excel Application Software Excel 2003 requires Excel 2003 requires 233 Mhz or faster processor 233 Mhz or faster processor 128 MB RAM 128 MB RAM 150 MB of available hard drive space 150 MB of available hard drive space You install the software from the cd included with your purchase You install the software from the cd included with your purchase It is stored on your hard drive as excel.exe It is stored on your hard drive as excel.exe It is loaded into memory when you start it up – can see it in task manager It is loaded into memory when you start it up – can see it in task manager

32. Software Suites Advantages of buying software suites like MS Office Advantages of buying software suites like MS Office For you For you Work seamlessly together Work seamlessly together Less expensive than buying separately Less expensive than buying separately Consistent interface across applications Consistent interface across applications For Microsoft For Microsoft Capture more of your business Capture more of your business

33. Groupware Lotus Notes/Domino Lotus Notes/Domino Microsoft NetMeeting Microsoft NetMeeting Designed to assist communication and collaboration Designed to assist communication and collaboration Online meeting rooms Online meeting rooms Central, online document archives Central, online document archives Project management tools Project management tools Video conferencing support Video conferencing support NetMeeting NetMeeting

34. Enterprise Application Software

35. Use of Integrated Supply Chain Management Software Use of Integrated Supply Chain Management Software

36. Selected Enterprise Resource Planning Vendors Selected Enterprise Resource Planning Vendors

37. Proprietary Software Proprietary Proprietary Pros Pros Get exactly what you need Get exactly what you need Involvement in development gives more control over the results Involvement in development gives more control over the results More flexibility to make modifications More flexibility to make modifications Cons Cons Development effort can take a lot of resources and a long time Development effort can take a lot of resources and a long time May stretch in-house IT resources and make maintenance difficult May stretch in-house IT resources and make maintenance difficult More risk that features and performance will not be adequate More risk that features and performance will not be adequate

38. Off-the-Shelf Software Off-the-Shelf Off-the-Shelf Pros Pros Initial cost lower because development costs spread over a large number of customers Initial cost lower because development costs spread over a large number of customers You can analyze the features and performance of the application to see if it meets your basic needs You can analyze the features and performance of the application to see if it meets your basic needs Application quality high because of testing with customer firms Application quality high because of testing with customer firms Cons Cons May contain features that organization doesn’t need and will never use May contain features that organization doesn’t need and will never use May not contain needed features resulting in modification expenses May not contain needed features resulting in modification expenses May not match current work processes and data standards May not match current work processes and data standards

39. Application Software Alternatives Application Service Providers Application Service Providers Pay ASP a monthly fee for use of applications that they host and maintain Pay ASP a monthly fee for use of applications that they host and maintain Salesforce.com pioneering software as a service Salesforce.com pioneering software as a service Salesforce.com pioneering software as a service Salesforce.com pioneering software as a service