2. Mass Media in Slovakia Jaroslav Mihálik Erasmus programme 05/06

3. The Written Press - 11 daily newspapers: Hospodársky denník, Hospodárske noviny, Nový čas, Hospodársky denník, Hospodárske noviny, Nový čas, Šport, Pravda, Sme/Práca, Národná obroda, Šport, Pravda, Sme/Práca, Národná obroda, Roľnícke noviny, Nový deň, Roľnícke noviny, Nový deň, fully advertising daily Avízo and Hungarian language daily Új Szó fully advertising daily Avízo and Hungarian language daily Új Szó

4. The Written Press – Daily Newspapers Pravda, Šport, Rolnícke noviny and Új Szó are the only national dailies which have survived since communist times under the same titles, while Hospodárske noviny was published on a weekly basis during the communist era.

5. The Written Press – Daily Newspapers The daily newspapers considered the most reliable were Pravda (43.2 per cent), Nový čas (38 per cent), Sme (36 per cent), and Národná obroda (27.8 per cent). However, the most often read daily newspapers were Nový čas (35.9 per cent), followed by Pravda (15.9 per cent), Sme/Práca (12.6 per cent), Šport (6.5 per cent), Új Szó (4.6 per cent), Národná obroda (4.6 per cent), Nový deň (3.4 per cent), and Hospodárske noviny (2.5 per cent)

6. The Written Press - Daily newspapers: The Written Press - Daily newspapers: Hospodársky denník, Hospodárske noviny, Nový čas, Hospodársky denník, Hospodárske noviny, Nový čas, Šport, Pravda, Sme/Práca, Národná obroda, Šport, Pravda, Sme/Práca, Národná obroda, Roľnícke noviny, Nový deň, Roľnícke noviny, Nový deň, fully advertising daily Avízo and Hungarian language daily Új Szó fully advertising daily Avízo and Hungarian language daily Új Szó

7. Magazines and Journals: There were over 1,000 journals and magazines published in 2002 as statistics said. There were over 1,000 journals and magazines published in 2002 as statistics said. In February 2003, the most popular weeklies were: Plus 7 dní (Plus 7 Days, which sold 220,584 copies), Eurotelevízia (which sold 144,138 copies) and Život (Life, which sold 140,805 copies). Slovenka (Slovak Woman) and Život (Life) are among the most popular weeklies, but they do not publish their circulation. In February 2003, the most popular weeklies were: Plus 7 dní (Plus 7 Days, which sold 220,584 copies), Eurotelevízia (which sold 144,138 copies) and Život (Life, which sold 140,805 copies). Slovenka (Slovak Woman) and Život (Life) are among the most popular weeklies, but they do not publish their circulation. The most popular monthlies in February 2003 were Záhradkár (Gardener, which sold 105,745 copies), Emma (which sold 92,917 copies) and Zdravie (Health, which sold 87,400 copies). The most popular monthlies in February 2003 were Záhradkár (Gardener, which sold 105,745 copies), Emma (which sold 92,917 copies) and Zdravie (Health, which sold 87,400 copies).

8. The A udiovisual Media Between 85-88 per cent of the population aged above 14 years listen to radio broadcasts according to long-term research. Thus, it is the second most popular medium after television.

9. The A udiovisual Media Slovak Radio is a public service channel with channels: Rádio Slovensko (news and current affairs, national coverage, over one million listeners), Rádio Regina (three regional studios, regional information), Rádio Devín (arts and culture, 35 per cent coverage of territory and 49 per cent of population, plus via satellite), Rádio_FM (youth programmes, pop and rock music, mostly live), Rádio Patria (broadcast for seven national minorities, in practice three quarters was broadcast in Hungarian in 2002. It was listened to by 132 000 Slovak- Hungarian citizens in March 2003); Radio Slovakia International (international broadcast in five languages, including Slovak language) and Radio INET (broadcasting via Internet). Slovak Radio is a public service channel with channels: Rádio Slovensko (news and current affairs, national coverage, over one million listeners), Rádio Regina (three regional studios, regional information), Rádio Devín (arts and culture, 35 per cent coverage of territory and 49 per cent of population, plus via satellite), Rádio_FM (youth programmes, pop and rock music, mostly live), Rádio Patria (broadcast for seven national minorities, in practice three quarters was broadcast in Hungarian in 2002. It was listened to by 132 000 Slovak- Hungarian citizens in March 2003); Radio Slovakia International (international broadcast in five languages, including Slovak language) and Radio INET (broadcasting via Internet).

10. The A udiovisual Media Radio stations can be divided into multi-regional, regional and local ones. Multi-regional stations reach between 30 per cent and less than 80 per cent of the population. Among these stations are Rádio Okey, Rádio Express, Fun radio, Rádio Lumen and Rádio Twist. Radio stations can be divided into multi-regional, regional and local ones. Multi-regional stations reach between 30 per cent and less than 80 per cent of the population. Among these stations are Rádio Okey, Rádio Express, Fun radio, Rádio Lumen and Rádio Twist. Among the regional stations which cover less than 30 per cent of the population but more than just the municipal district area are Hviezda FM, Rádio Rebeca, Rádio B1, Kiks rádio, Rádio Východ, Rádio Zet, N-Radio, Rádio Naj and Rádio Dúha. Among the regional stations which cover less than 30 per cent of the population but more than just the municipal district area are Hviezda FM, Rádio Rebeca, Rádio B1, Kiks rádio, Rádio Východ, Rádio Zet, N-Radio, Rádio Naj and Rádio Dúha.

11. The A udiovisual Media RFE/RL, BBC World Service and AWR Europe also have a specific position in the Slovak radio market. RFE/RL, BBC World Service and AWR Europe also have a specific position in the Slovak radio market. The most popular radio station is Rádio Slovensko (with 46.8 per cent of listeners). Private Rádio Express (traffic information radio) was second with 16.5 per cent and the third was the rock music channel of Slovak Radio, Rádio Rock FM with 14.2 per cent. Rádio Regina had 12.5 per cent, Rádio Okey 11.4 per cent, Fun Rádio 9.6 per cent, Rádio Twist 8.7 per cent, Rádio Východ 6.1 per cent, Rádio Hviezda FM 4.7 per cent, Rádio Rebeca 3.7 per cent. More than ten per cent of the population did not listen to any radio broadcasts (Media Research Department of Slovak Radio). The most popular radio station is Rádio Slovensko (with 46.8 per cent of listeners). Private Rádio Express (traffic information radio) was second with 16.5 per cent and the third was the rock music channel of Slovak Radio, Rádio Rock FM with 14.2 per cent. Rádio Regina had 12.5 per cent, Rádio Okey 11.4 per cent, Fun Rádio 9.6 per cent, Rádio Twist 8.7 per cent, Rádio Východ 6.1 per cent, Rádio Hviezda FM 4.7 per cent, Rádio Rebeca 3.7 per cent. More than ten per cent of the population did not listen to any radio broadcasts (Media Research Department of Slovak Radio).

12. The A udiovisual Media The public Slovak Television (STV) has two channels, STV1 and STV2. STV1 which covers 97.3 per cent of Slovakia and 95.8 per cent of the population. STV2 covers 89.4 per cent of the territory and 88.7 per cent of the population. The public Slovak Television (STV) has two channels, STV1 and STV2. STV1 which covers 97.3 per cent of Slovakia and 95.8 per cent of the population. STV2 covers 89.4 per cent of the territory and 88.7 per cent of the population. Then there are national private televisions Markíza and Joj. In the case of Joj there is some doubt about its "national" status, due to its lower coverage - 65 per cent of territory and 61 per cent of population. Then there are national private televisions Markíza and Joj. In the case of Joj there is some doubt about its "national" status, due to its lower coverage - 65 per cent of territory and 61 per cent of population.

13. The A udiovisual Media Markíza has been broadcasting since August 1996. It is de facto majority owned by Central European Media Enterprises (CME B.V., Netherlands - in fact an American company). CME has a 49 per cent share in the company which runs Markíza. It announced in May 2003 that it aims to purchase an additional 49 per cent to its already 34 per cent in the license company. It broadcasts to 85 per cent of the territory but also digitally via satellite. Markíza has been broadcasting since August 1996. It is de facto majority owned by Central European Media Enterprises (CME B.V., Netherlands - in fact an American company). CME has a 49 per cent share in the company which runs Markíza. It announced in May 2003 that it aims to purchase an additional 49 per cent to its already 34 per cent in the license company. It broadcasts to 85 per cent of the territory but also digitally via satellite. TV Joj has been broadcasting since March 2002. It is co- owned by Ceská produkcní invest (Czech Republic, 20 per cent), Grafobal Group (Slovakia, 50 per cent) and Vladimír Komár (Czech Republic, 30 per cent). Ceská produkcní invest and Vladimír Komár are personally connected. Its broadcasts reach 61 per cent of territory and 65 per cent of population. TV Joj has been broadcasting since March 2002. It is co- owned by Ceská produkcní invest (Czech Republic, 20 per cent), Grafobal Group (Slovakia, 50 per cent) and Vladimír Komár (Czech Republic, 30 per cent). Ceská produkcní invest and Vladimír Komár are personally connected. Its broadcasts reach 61 per cent of territory and 65 per cent of population.

14. The A udiovisual Media There is perhaps in small countries a unique national news television TA3. TA3 has similar programmes to CNN or BBC World. It has been in operation since September 2001 and is broadcast via cable network only. Its majority owner (60 per cent) is domestic J&T Finance Group. This financial group has shares in Czech private television Prima. There is perhaps in small countries a unique national news television TA3. TA3 has similar programmes to CNN or BBC World. It has been in operation since September 2001 and is broadcast via cable network only. Its majority owner (60 per cent) is domestic J&T Finance Group. This financial group has shares in Czech private television Prima. Besides the internationally known MTV music station, there is also a Slovak version, Musicbox TV. Musicbox broadcasts multi-regionally 24 hours of domestic and international music. The viewers can react online to this programme. Besides the internationally known MTV music station, there is also a Slovak version, Musicbox TV. Musicbox broadcasts multi-regionally 24 hours of domestic and international music. The viewers can react online to this programme.

15. The A udiovisual Media The most popular television station is Markíza, with 52.6 per cent of regular viewers. It is followed by STV1 with 15.7 per cent and Joj with 5.6 per cent. STV2 attracts 1 per cent of the viewers, TA3 2.1 per cent and Czech television Nova 4.6 per cent. Czech public television channel CT1 is watched by 1.3 per cent of the viewers and Czech private television Prima is watched by 2.2 per cent. The most popular television station is Markíza, with 52.6 per cent of regular viewers. It is followed by STV1 with 15.7 per cent and Joj with 5.6 per cent. STV2 attracts 1 per cent of the viewers, TA3 2.1 per cent and Czech television Nova 4.6 per cent. Czech public television channel CT1 is watched by 1.3 per cent of the viewers and Czech private television Prima is watched by 2.2 per cent.