1. WORLD HISTORY: UNIT 7 MOUNTING GLOBAL TENSIONS
SSWH11 Students will investigate political and social changes in Japan and in
China from the seventeenth century CE to mid-nineteenth century CE.
a. Describe the policies of the Tokugawa and Qing rulers; include Oda Nobunaga and Kangxi.
b. Analyze the impact of population growth and its impact on the social structure.

2. Tokugawa Shogunate SHOGUNATE
THE GOVERNMENT OF hereditary military dictators of Japan from 1192 to 1867

4. feudal Japanese military government
heads of government were the shoguns
Each was a member of the Tokugawa clan
The Tokugawa shogunate ruled from Edo Castle Tokyo.

5. Society in the Tokugawa period
strict class hierarchy RANKING
EMPEROR
SHOGUNS
daimyo, or lords
warrior-caste of samurai
Farmers
Artisans
Traders

6. establishment of the Tokugawa shogunate brought Japan the longest period of peace and stability in its history, lasting well over 200 years

8. IMPORTANT LEADERS ODA NOBUNAGA 1534 – 1582
unification of Japan under the shogunate in the late 16th century, which ruled Japan until the Meiji Restoration in He was also a major daimyo

9. TOKUGAWA IEYASU
SHOGUN UNIFIER OF JAPAN
founder and first shogun of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan
ABSOLUTE RULER

10. CHINA,
QING DYNASTY
KANGXI, emperor

11. QING (CHING) OR MANCHU DYNASTY OF CHINA

12. QING DYNASTY 1644-1912 last imperial dynasty of China
preceded by the Ming Dynasty and followed by the Republic of China
MOST IMPORTANT EMPEROR, KANGXI
, REIGN

13. reign of 61 years
longest-reigning Chinese emperor in history
One of the longest-reigning rulers in the world

14. suppressed revolts and opposition
Conquered Taiwan
blocked Tsarist Russia on the Amur River and expanded the empire in the northwest
Compiled the Kangxi Dictionary
long-term stability and relative wealth after years of war and chaos
He initiated the period known as the "Prosperous Era of Kangxi”
By the end of his reign, the Qing Empire controlled all of China proper, Taiwan, Manchuria, part of the Russian Far East (Outer Manchuria), both Inner and Outer Mongolia, Tibet proper, and Joseon Korea as a protectorate.
CHINA’S GOLDEN AGE, DURING QING DYNASTY
Many foreigners entered China during this dynasty, GB, FR, GER, USA, PORT, NETH

17. POPULATION CHANGES
In the early years of the Ming dynasty in the late fourteenth century, China's population began dramatic changes that continue to the present.
Rapid increases occurred especially between 1749 and 1811 during the Qing dynasty when the country's population doubled from 177,495,000 to 358,610,000
By 1851, the population reached perhaps 431,896,000 before the effects of the disastrous Taiping Rebellion brought about a slowing of past growth patterns (Some 30,000,000 deaths occurred between during the upheavals associated with the attempt to establish the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom
Throughout the Ming ( ) and Qing ( ) dynasties, increasing population pressure on China's arable land was an on-going problem. Remarkable changes in agriculture in China over this four century period attest to extraordinary successes in increasing grain production to feed the burgeoning population.

19. SSWH13 The student will examine the intellectual, political, social, and economic factors that changed the world view of Europeans.
b. Identify the major ideas of the Enlightenment from the writings of Locke, Voltaire, and Rousseau and their relationship to politics and society.

20. ENLIGHTENMENT The Age of Enlightenment Enlightenment Age of Reason
cultural movement of intellectuals in the 17th and 18th centuries
began first in Europe and later in the American colonies
Purpose: reform society using reason, challenge ideas grounded in tradition and faith, and advance knowledge through the scientific method
Promoted science, skepticism, and intellectual interchange and opposed superstition, intolerance, and some abuses by church and state.

21. The Scientific Revolution is closely tied to the Enlightenment, as its discoveries overturned many traditional concepts and introduced new perspectives on nature and man's place within it

22. contributions by hundreds of leading philosophes (intellectuals)
John Locke (1632–1704)
Voltaire (1694–1778)
Rousseau (1712–1778)
Montesquieu (1689–1755)
political idea of the Enlightenment influenced the American Declaration of Independence, the United States Bill of Rights, the French Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
ABOVE ARE “ENLIGHTENED DOCUMENTS”

23. ENLIGHTENED THINKERS JOHN LOCKE social contract theory
Two Treatises of Government
AGAINST ABSOLUTE GOVERNMENT
FAVORED GOVERNMENT BY “CONSENT OF THE GOVERNED”
NATURAL RIGHTS: ALL HAVE RIGHT TO LIFE, LIBERTY, AND PROPERTY
ACCORDING TO HIS CONTRACT THEORY, IF GOVT DOES NOT PROTECT NATURAL RIGHTS, PEOPLE HAVE RIGHT TO “OVERTHROW” GOVT

24. VOLTAIRE
Attacked the established RCC
Advocate of freedom of religion, freedom of expression, and separation of church and state
writer, producing works in almost every literary form, including plays, poems, novels, essays, and historical and scientific works
“I disapprove of what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it.”

25. JEAN JACQUES ROUSSEAU
education of the whole person for citizenship
“Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains.”
“I prefer liberty with danger than peace with slavery.”
“People who know little are usually great talkers, while men who know much say little.”
FREEDOM
ANTI-SLAVERY
POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY, “PEOPLE POWER”
“Every man having been born free and master of himself, no one else may under any pretext whatever subject him without his consent. To assert that the son of a slave is born a slave is to assert that he is not born a man.” ― Jean-Jacques Rousseau, The Social Contract

26. MONTESQUIEU
separation of powers, DIVISION OF POWERS
CHECKS AND BALANCES
To become truly great, one has to stand with people, not above them.
POWER SHOULD BE TO CHECK POWER.

27. ABSOLUTISM, REVOLUTIONS, REBELLIONS
SSWH14 The student will analyze the Age of Revolutions and Rebellions.
a. Examine absolutism through a comparison of the rules of Louis XIV, Tsar Peter the Great, and Tokugawa Ieyasu.
b. Identify the causes and results of the revolutions in England (1689), United States (1776), France (1789), Haiti (1791), and Latin America ( ).
c. Explain Napoleon’s rise to power, and his defeat; and explain the consequences for Europe.
d. Examine the interaction of China and Japan with westerners; include the Opium War, the Taiping Rebellion, and Commodore Perry.

28. ABSOLUTISM, ABSOLUTE RULE
Absolute monarchy, a form of government where the monarch has the power to rule their land freely, with no laws or legally organized direct opposition in force
DIVINE RIGHT OF MONARCHS, the doctrine that a monarch derives his or her power directly from God

29. A COMPARISON OF ABSOLUTE MONARCHS
LOUIS XIV, FRANCE, BOURBON DYNASTY
CZAR PETER I, THE GREAT, RUSSIA, ROMANOV DYNASTY
TOKUGAWA IEYASU, JAPAN, TOKUGAWA CLAN

30. LOUIS XIV 1638-1715 REIGN, 1643-1715 72 YRS, 110 DAYS
LONGEST IN FR AND EUR HISTORY
THE SUN KING
“L’ETAT C’EST MOI.” I AM THE STATE.

32. DIVINE RIGHT OF KINGS; ABSOLUTE
ADVISORS: CARDINAL MAZARIN, JEAN BAPTISTE COLBERT
CONTROLLED NOBILITY
VERSAILLES PALACE, OUTSIDE PARIS
1661, 1670

35. PATRON OF THE ARTS, TO GLORIFY THE KING, NOT GOD
EXPANDED FR BORDERS BUT INCREASED DEBT
RESULTS OF REIGN
1. WORLD POWER
2. FR-ART, LIT, POL LEADER
3. MIL LEADER
4. OVERSEAS COLONIES/TRADE
5. DEBT
6. ABUSE OF POWER
7. LATER, REVOLUTION

37. 1685, 1701

38. PETER THE GREAT, RUSSIA 1672-1725 REIGN, 1682-1725
REFORMER, INCREASING POWER OF CZAR
RUSSIA: BACKWARD
GOAL: REFORM…”VIEW” TO WEST, EUROPE
HOW: TRIP TO WEST INCOGNITO
RESULT: WESTERNIZATION OF RUSSIA

40. 1698 (PICTURE) MIND OF A GENIUS BODY OF A GIANT TEMPER OF A BEAR
CONTROLLED RUSSIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH
REDUCED POWER OF NOBLES (BOYARS)
REFORMS-
WESTERNIZATION
1. TRAINED
MILITARY
WITH EUROPEAN OFFICIERS
2. POTATOES
3. 1ST NEWSPAPER
4. RAISED STATUS OF WOMEN
5. WESTERN CLOTHING
6. ADVANCED EDUCATION
NAVIGATION SCHOOL
SCHOOL FOR ARTS AND SCIENCES
BUILT NEW CAPITAL, ST. PETERSBURG, “WINDOW TO THE WEST” “WINDOW TO EUROPE”
RESULTS OF ABOVE: RUSSIA, A EUROPEAN POWER

42. RUSSIA, RUSSIAN EMPIRE, PETER THE GREAT AND CATHERINE THE GREAT TO 1796