3. “Manifest Destiny”  First coined by newspaper editor, John O’Sullivan in 1845.  ".... the right of our manifest destiny to over spread and to possess the whole of the continent which Providence has given us for the development of the great experiment of liberty and federative development of self-government entrusted to us. It is right such as that of the tree to the space of air and the earth suitable for the full expansion of its principle and destiny of growth."  A myth of the West as a land of romance and adventure emerged.

4. “ American Progress” by John Gast, 1872

5. Missouri Comp

7. Key Figures in Texas Independence, 1836 Sam Houston (1793-1863) Steven Austin (1793-1836)

8. Rules for Texans  Pay Taxes  Covert to Catholicism  Obey Mexican Laws Abolish Slavery

9.  Americans began moving into Texas in the 1820’s and brought their slaves with them.  War fought by Texans against Mexico because they believed their rights had been violated.

10. Texas-Declaration of Independence

11. The Republic of Texas

12. Remember the Alamo!

13. Davey Crockett’s Last Stand

14. The Battle of the Alamo General Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna Recaptures the Alamo

15. Texas- The Lone Star State  Sam Houston’s victory at the Battle of San Jacinto  Santa Anna recognizes Texan independence  Houston President of Republic of Texas 1836  Still boarder dispute between Nueces and Rio Grande River

16. Wagons Hooooooooo!  Wagons head west!!!!!!

17. Overland Immigration to the West  Between 1840 and 1860, more than 250,000 people made the trek westward.

18. The Mormons Come West Why did they go west?

19. Where did they go?  They followed what is today known as the Mormon Trail  The trail passes through Iowa, Nebraska, Wyoming and Utah  The trail later extended to California

20. Where did they come from?  Many Mormons actually started in New York  They moved to Ohio and Missouri  Because of persecution, they went to Illinois and built the city of Nauvoo on the Mississippi River

21. Why leave Nauvoo then?  Nauvoo was a great city  The Mormons worked together to build homes,businesses, and a temple  Many people didn’t like the Mormons’ success and were afraid  They persecuted the Mormons  They killed the Mormon leader, Joseph Smith and his brother Hyrum Smith in June of 1844  The Mormons were forced to leave their homes again

22. What did they do then?  Brigham Young and other leaders decided to go west  They felt that the Rocky Mountains might provide a safe place  They gathered all the provisions they could and began leaving Nauvoo in 1846  They only got to around Council Bluffs, Iowa before they stopped for the winter  They named their camp Winter Quarters

23. Hardships  There was a hard winter  Many people died  Also, 500 men said good bye to their families and were enlisted to fight in the War with Mexico  This group became known as the Mormon Battalion

24. Moving out again  In the Spring of 1847, Brigham Young and a group of mostly men left Winter Quarters heading west  After a long journey, they arrived in the valley of the Great Salt Lake  Brigham Young said, “This is the right place.”

25. Summary  Mormons were pushed from place to place by persecution  They went through many hardships  They found a sanctuary in Utah where no one would bother them  They felt they were doing the right thing

26. James K. Polk, Democrat President from 1845 to 1849 Responsible for the Manifest Destiny Expansionist Acquired the Oregon Territory from Great Britain in 1846 54’, 40’ or Fight 49th Parallel

27. The Oregon Trail – Albert Bierstadt, 1869

28. Trails Westward

29. The Doomed Donner Party April, 1846 – April, 1847

30. The Doomed Donner Party James Reed & Wife  Of the 83 members of the Donner Party, only 45 survived to get to California! CANNIBALISM CANNIBALISM

31. The Oregon Dispute:54 40º or Fight!  By the mid- 1840s, “Oregon Fever” was spurred on by the promise of free land.  The joint British- U. S. occupation ended in 1846.

32. The Bear Flag Republic John C. Frémont The Revolt  June 14, 1845

34. The Slidell Mission: Nov., 1845  Mexican recognition of the Rio Grande River as the TX- US border.  US would forgive American citizens’ claims against the Mexican govt.  US would purchase the New Mexico area for $5,000,000.  US would buy California at any price.  Mexican recognition of the Rio Grande River as the TX- US border.  US would forgive American citizens’ claims against the Mexican govt.  US would purchase the New Mexico area for $5,000,000.  US would buy California at any price. John Slidell

35. The Mexican War (1846- 1848)

36. General Zachary Taylor at Palo Alto “Old Rough and Ready”

37. The Bombardment of Vera Cruz

38. General Scott Enters Mexico City “Old Fuss and Feathers”

39. Treaty of Guadalupe- Hidalgo, 1848 Nicholas Trist, American Negotiator

40. Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo, 1848  Mexico gave up claims to Texas above the Rio Grande River.  Mexico gave the U. S. California and New Mexico.  U. S. gave Mexico $15,000,000 and agreed to pay the claims of American citizens against Mexico over $3,500,000).  Mexico gave up claims to Texas above the Rio Grande River.  Mexico gave the U. S. California and New Mexico.  U. S. gave Mexico $15,000,000 and agreed to pay the claims of American citizens against Mexico over $3,500,000). The Treaty was basically forced on Mexico!

41. Results of the Mexican War? 1.The 17-month war cost $100,000,000 and 13,000+ American lives (mostly of disease). 2.New territories were brought into the Union which forced the explosive issue of SLAVERY to the center of national politics. * Brought in 1 million sq. mi. of land (incl. TX) 3.These new territories would upset the balance of power between North and South. 4.Created two popular Whig generals who ran for President.  Manifest Destiny partially realized. 1.The 17-month war cost $100,000,000 and 13,000+ American lives (mostly of disease). 2.New territories were brought into the Union which forced the explosive issue of SLAVERY to the center of national politics. * Brought in 1 million sq. mi. of land (incl. TX) 3.These new territories would upset the balance of power between North and South. 4.Created two popular Whig generals who ran for President.  Manifest Destiny partially realized.

42. Results of the Mexican War?  Trivial Pursuit Point of emphasis  First time an American Army invaded another country and occupied its capital

43. The Mexican Cession

44. Long Term Causes Manifest Destiny California Immediate Causes Texas statehood, 1845 Mexico refusing to sell California Border disputeEffects US receives Mexican Cession Disputes over expansion of slavery will lead to the Civil War

46. The 1848 Presidential Election Results √

47. GOLD! At Sutter’s Mill, 1848 John A. Sutter

48. California Gold Rush, 1849 49er’s

49. Two Views of San Francisco, Early 1850s  By 1860, almost 300,000 people had traveled the Oregon & California Trails to the Pacific coast.

50. Territorial Growth to 1853

51. Westward the Course of Empire Emmanuel Leutze, 1860

52. The Pony Express  Between April, 1860 and Nov. 1861.  Delivered news and mail between St. Louis, MO and San Francisco, CA.  Took 10 days.  Replaced by the completion of the trans-continental telegraph line.  Between April, 1860 and Nov. 1861.  Delivered news and mail between St. Louis, MO and San Francisco, CA.  Took 10 days.  Replaced by the completion of the trans-continental telegraph line.

53. Oregon dispute Treaty with Great Britain in 1846Treaty with Great Britain in 1846 President Polk campaign slogan was 54,40 or fight…President Polk campaign slogan was 54,40 or fight… Compromised with British and divided the Oregon Country at the 49 th parallelCompromised with British and divided the Oregon Country at the 49 th parallel

54. Picture/M.Destin y American belief that U.S. would control the continent from the Atlantic to the Pacific.American belief that U.S. would control the continent from the Atlantic to the Pacific. KEY EVENTS Texas statehood Oregon territory Mexican War Mexican Cession American belief that U.S. would control the continent from the Atlantic to the Pacific.American belief that U.S. would control the continent from the Atlantic to the Pacific. KEY EVENTS Texas statehood Oregon territory Mexican War Mexican Cession

55. Picture/M.Destin y KEY EVENTS Pioneers Trek West California trail Oregon trail Mormon’s trail California statehood Gold discovered Gold Rush KEY EVENTS Pioneers Trek West California trail Oregon trail Mormon’s trail California statehood Gold discovered Gold Rush