1. 2007 How does what we are doing affect relationships? Gender & The Bible Mandy Marshall

2. 2007 How does what we are doing affect relationships? What does Tearfund’s GRAD Policy state? Men and women are equal before God We are committed to the poor and challenging injustice noting that women bear the disproportionate burden of poverty and injustice Empowerment is an important part of the restoration of shalom (restored relationships) We should identify and support women’s practical and strategic needs

3. 2007 How does what we are doing affect relationships? Strategic objective - gender Tearfund is committed to the vision of the restoration of God’s original intention of partnership for woman and man in the family and the wider community

4. 2007 How does what we are doing affect relationships? What does Tearfund’s Theological Framework state? Women and Men are made in the image of God, by God and for relationship with God. Men and Women are equal before God Women and Men are to live together in love and respect Gender injustice must be challenged Gender work must include men and masculinities

5. 2007 How does what we are doing affect relationships? Controversial areas Creation ordinance Woman is a helper Concept of ‘head’ Submission of women No women leaders Women cannot teach

6. 2007 How does what we are doing affect relationships? Creation Ordinance Woman is created after man Temporal priority – animals are created before man – does that make animals superior to man? Woman is taken from the man Origin of life is divine not from man Woman is named by the man Verb ‘to call’ used rather than the noun ’name’. Gen 2:v23 the noun ‘name’ does not occur Woman is created to be ‘helper’

7. 2007 How does what we are doing affect relationships? Woman created as helper Word helper used 19 times in the OT 1 is a question, 3 used of man, 15 used of God bringing succour to his people Helpmate fit for man – his equal, counterpart, associate, companion, partner. Gen 2:v24 Man cleaves to his wife – mutual co- dependence Man and woman are created equal – no superiority of one over another

8. 2007 How does what we are doing affect relationships? Concept of ‘Head’ Head in this context is used as a metaphor Need to think of 1 st century use not 21 st century Greek word ‘Kephale’ – source or origin Hebrew word ‘rosh’ can be used metaphorically as ‘chief over’ but idea of ‘priority’ rather than ‘ruler over’ Paul is a Hebrew speaker writing in Greek – he deliberately uses Kephale Colossians 1:v18 – Christ is the head of the church. Christ is the origin or source of the church Head of Christ is God – no authority over here as equal Authority over is not used

9. 2007 How does what we are doing affect relationships? Submission of women Only God ever seen as subjecting others Submit to one another – equal ask Submission is always voluntary never required or ordered Not obey – it is never used in this context – different word Hupotasso – to order/arrange/put in place ‘Within the NT no ruler or authority of any kind, within or without the church is ever told to subject others to or to take action to ensure the submission of others.’ Mary Evans

10. 2007 How does what we are doing affect relationships? No women leaders Leadership seen as service rather than status Issue of language Greek: Anthropos – human but we translate as man. Greek for man is Aner. Paul uses Anthropos 1 Tim 2: Didasko – teach – Priscilla did teach with Paul’s approval and corrected him Asthentein – to hold authority -used only once in the entire NT. No clear meaning Exousia–is the authority from the holy spirit Diaconos–deacon- name given to both women & men

11. 2007 How does what we are doing affect relationships? Jesus approach to women Subjects not objects Mixed freely in everyday life – equals Inclusive - used as examples in the parables Followers and disciples - women supported his ministry Women included in theological conversations Women in the passion narratives Jesus’ attitude was original, radical, inclusive and highly significant.

12. 2007 How does what we are doing affect relationships? The Answers? Only in Christ are the broken relationships between man and woman, God and Mankind fully restored. Four aspects : Difference – we are unique Complementarity – fit together – mankind is man and woman Union – together we make up the body of Christ in the image of God Sameness – same in sin and same in need for redemption

13. 2007 How does what we are doing affect relationships? Our response? ‘A constant question for us is how does what we do affect our relationships?’ What was new for me in this presentation? What did I already know? What do I now see differently? What new direction will I now take?

14. 2007 How does what we are doing affect relationships? Resources Woman in the Bible – Mary Evans Created or Constructed – the great gender debate – Elaine Storkey Conversations on Christian Feminism – Margaret Hebblethwaite and Elaine Storkey ‘God of the Poor’ chapter 10– Dewi Hughes Christians for Biblical Equality - www.cbeinternational.org