1. World History Mid-Term Review
WHOOOO

2. How did Mongol Rule influence Russia?
13th Century Mongols conquered Russia, and controlled it for 200 yrs.
Mongols words, customs, and clothing styles found their way into Russian Culture.
Economy and Political
Example: Mongols set a model for Russian rulers. A lot of power went to the princes who were looking for absolute power. It also set them apart from Western Europe
Example: Mongols were tolerant of other peoples religions

3. Which culture most influenced the development of early Japan?
Chinese and Korean
Korea’s geographic location played an important role, because it served as
bridge for China and Japan

4. Animism and Shintoism
Animism = is the believe that many things in nature have their own spirit.
Shintoism= a believe system based on nature and spirits.
Practiced by Ancient Japanese people

5. What hindered( resulted in a delay) the early exploration of Africa by Europeans?
The topography and climate hindered the delay of European colonization's
European people lacked the knowledge & skills to travel in the desert.
Examples: Sahara Desert
Very Hot Climates

6. How did Inca farmers adapt to farming on mountainsides?
Lived in mountains and created their own farming method
Inca farmers invented Terrace farming

7. Pax Romana
A long peace period brought by Agustus for Ancient Rome

8. Pax Mongolia Pax Mongolia = known as the Mongol Peace.
A time when global trade expanded due to the political stability provided by Mongol rulers.

9. How did the Catholic Church impact Medieval Europe?
During Medieval Europe the Catholic church remained the single most powerful organization in Western Europe.
WHY
Faith , Power and Wealth , Center for learning

10. Describe the Feudal System in Europe & Japan?
Feudalism= was the new order to help people survive the breakdown of the central government and provide order.
Europe Japan
Small communities were formed
around the local lord & manor.

11. Describe the Encomienda System in South America?
A feudal system introduced by the Spaniards when they conquered Central & South America.

12. What was the impact of the Mongol Empire on Europe & Asia in the 1200’s?
The Mongol Empire controlled a large portion of Asia.
Mongols controlled territory from eastern China to eastern Europe
The Mongol Empire ruled people from China, Russia, eastern Europe, and India
The expansion of the Mongol empire resulted in significant increases in trade and
travel between Europe and Asia

13. Suleiman the Magnificent
Suleiman the Magnificent and Akbar the Great similarities and differences?
Suleiman the Magnificent
Akbar the Great
Suleiman = Ottoman Empire leader controlled trade in the Mediterranean Sea.
Ottoman controlled crossroads of trade, promoted prosperity and stability.
Ruled for a long time ( 46 years)
Akbar = Mughal Empire
United Northern India under his rule
Promoted religious Tolerance.
Encouraged learning, painting, music and literature.

14. African Kingdoms Ghana, Mali, Songhai ( Salt and Gold Trade)
Ghana = 1st African Kingdom controlled West Arica Major routes ( Tax People)
Mali= Mansa Musa was the king.
- Built the city of Timbuktu which was an important center for universities
Wealthy Kingdom ( Salt and Gold Trade)
Mansa Musa introduced the world of Muslim
Songhai= Largest kingdom of West Africa
Traded across the Sahara Desert
Expanded trade networks to Europe & Asia

15. Social Hierarchy of Spain’s Colonies in the Americas.
Peninsulares ( Highest Class) individuals born in
Spain.
Creoles = People of Spain's Ancestry.
Mestizos/ Mulattoes Example: Creoles Lower Class= Mestizos Baby’s
Indio ( 2nd Lowest Class )
Example: Meso- America People
Negro = Black Skin individuals
Slaves = People were not free

17. Marco Polo & Ibn Battuta
Italian Traveler
Traveled along the Silk road and visited China.
Impressed with the invention of gunpowder and its use.
Arab Traveler
Traveled to Africa and was very impressed by Mali’s wealth.

18. Caste VS’ Feudal System
Caste system ( India)
Feudal System
( Europe)
Placing people in occupational groups.
EX:
Basic government and society during the Middle Ages.

19. How does Japan’s geography/ access to resources impact their interactions with other nations?
Lack of Natural Resources led to a policy of Imperialism.

20. Aztecs
1300 Aztec's settled on an island in the center of the Valley of Mexico ( Lived in Tenochtitlan)
Practiced human sacrifices on a massive scale.
Spain men conquered them, because Spanish soldiers had better military technology.

21. Incas ( )
Incas built fortress in the Andes Mountains in the city of Machu Picchu
Quipu= bundle of knotted and colored ropes to count keep records, and send messages.

22. Explain the Guild system of Europe in the Middle Ages?
Guilds in the Middle Ages were groups of craftsmen.
Each guild focused on a specific trade such as the candle maker's.
The guild system also prevented non-guild members from selling competitive products.

23. Who was Mansa Musa? King of Mali Salt and Gold Trade
Introduce the religion of Islam
Built a giant Mosque in Timbuktu

24. Farming Stone Buildings
What were some of the ways the Inca adapted to their physical environment?
Cooperation and planning in Agriculture
Build Terraces for farming
Build stone buildings high in the Andes.
Farming Stone Buildings

25. Describe the geography of China, and how it affected China’s interaction with other nations?
The geography of China shaped the way civilizations and cultural developed.
Examples
Deserts from North West
Impassable Mountains to the South ( Kept the Area Isolated from other civilizations ).

26. Define Polytheism The believe in more than one GOD.
Hinduism Mesopotamia Shintoism

27. How did the Topography and climate affected the history of Africa?
Topography= the arrangement of the natural and artificial physical features of an area.
European colonization of central Africa was delayed.

28. Define and Describe Subsistence Agriculture
Subsistence Agricultural= farmers focus on growing enough food to feed themselves and their families.

29. What were the technological advances made by the Tang & Song Dynasty’s?
Tang Dynasty
Song Dynasty
Golden Age
Coins (Economy)
Block Printings
Gunpowder
Golden Age
Paper Currency ( Economy)
Gunpowder
Compass
Art

30. What were the impacts of the Crusades on Western Europe?
Increased the Authority of the King
It increased the desire for trade with other parts of the world. ( Global Trade)
This lead to the rise of the merchant class and the end of serfdom.

31. What are similarities between Hammurabi’s Code & Qin Dynasty Legalism?
Sets of Laws
School of Chinese philosophy concerned with politics.
Legalists made laws that if people did something bad they would get a arm or something off their body or harsh punishment

32. How are people encouraged to join the Crusades?
In November 1095 Pope Urban II called upon the knights of France to journey to the Holy Land and liberate the city of Jerusalem and the Christians of the east from Muslim power.

33. Who was Prince Henry the Navigator and why is he important?
Prince of Portugal
1419 Started a school of Navigation
Explored West African Coasts

34. Describe the basic beliefs of Confucius?
Confucianism founder of Confucius
Major Beliefs
Natural Order ( Natural Order in the Universe
And Human order)
Role of Each Person ( Each Person’s social role brings a number of obligations)
Relationships ( In each relationship , there is a superior and an inferior)
Mandate of Heaven ( the ruler benefits his people and provides them with food and protection

35. Describe the “ Triangle Trade” ?
African people were captured
and brought to Europe and America
as slaves.

37. How did trade networks change for Europeans merchants during the 16th century?
Slaves worked in very harsh conditions, and did not profit money from their work.
Europeans gained wealth.