1. The Write Place © 2009 Created and revised by C. Mohrbacher

2. “ Plagiarism includes, but is not limited to, 1. the use by paraphrase or direct quotation, the published or unpublished work of another person without full and clear acknowledgment; 2. unacknowledged use of materials prepared by another person or agency engaged in selling or otherwise providing term papers or other academic materials; 3. and commercialization, sale, or distribution of class notes without the instructors' permission” (“St. Cloud State Student Handbook” online)

3.  Cite all sources in-text and on a reference list, works cited page, or in a bibliography.  Cite all sources of paraphrases, quotations, summaries, statistics, visual images, charts, graphs, maps and every time you use an author’s ideas, or spoken or written words.  Cite every time you use what is NOT common knowledge.  Common knowledge is information that is widely known within a society or an intellectual community; therefore, if you include common knowledge in your paper, you do not need to cite where you found that information. Example: the date that Reagan was shot, the dates of wars, OR a reference to a theory or information that is commonly understood among your audience.

4.  Use quotation marks anytime you use an author’s unique wording—even if it is only a few words.  Example: Lawrence Lessig said that the government showed no real interest in changing the law and that the Senate “gave up” on debating the statute (Vaidhyanathan 23).  Quote accurately.  When you paraphrase, make sure you do not misrepresent an author’s ideas.

5. Material might be common knowledge if one of the following is true:  The same information is undocumented in at least 5 sources  It is information that your audience probably already knows  Anyone could find the same information in general reference sources (e.g. dictionary, encyclopedia)  It is a date of a birth, death, war, important event, etc..

6. 1. The Titanic was a ship that sank on its maiden voyage after it hit an iceberg. 2. The Titanic had three propellers that were driven by two four-cylinder, triple-expansion, inverted reciprocating steam engines and one low- pressure Parsons turbine. 3. Mahatma Gandhi was a non-violent leader in India’s move to independence from Great Britain. 4. Gandhi was assassinated on January 30, 1948. 5. In 1888 Gandhi set sail for England, where he had decided to pursue a degree in law. Though his elders objected, Gandhi could not be prevented from leaving; and it is said that his mother, a devout woman, made him promise that he would keep away from wine, women, and meat during his stay abroad. Gandhi left behind his son Harilal, then a few months old. 6. Barack Obama is married to Michele and they have two daughters. 7. Obama struggled with the absence of his father, who he saw only once more after his parents divorced, in a brief 1971 visit.

7.  Use handbooks for guidance. Use citation format name (e.g., MLA or APA) as search term to find handbook in library or online.  See Literacy Education Online (LEO) link on Write Place website for documentation help and format guides.Literacy Education Online  See Purdue OWL for MLA and APA Guides.Purdue OWL

8.  Writings, both published and unpublished  Books, magazines, journals, newspapers, handouts, etc  Material borrowed from a friend’s paper or other source not published.  Classroom materials, lectures, information received from conversation with professor  Opinions and judgments that you have borrowed from someone else  Statistics and other facts that are not widely known  Widely known: John Lennon died in New York City in front of the Dakota Apartment Building on December 8, 1980. He was killed by Mark David Chapman.  Not widely known: Of the students who graduate from college this year, 57% will fail to find a job in their fields. Another 10% will be unemployed for 12-18 months (Jones 143).

9.  Images and graphics  Works of art  Drawings  Charts, graphes, and tables  Photographs  Maps  Advertisements  Personal communications  Interviews (in person, by email, by phone, by letter)  Letters  Any electronic communication (Instant messaging, emailing, texting, etc.)  Public electronic communication  Facebook, instant messaging, chat rooms, My Space, email,etc.  Television and radio broadcasts  Motion pictures and videos  Sound recordings  Web sites  Online discussion groups

10. Definition: Restating, “in your own words the written or spoken words of someone else” (Troyka 169)

11.  Keeps your paper in your own style  Shows you understand the information  Many professors go by the 10% rule.

12.  Say what the original says but no more.  Do not use the same words  Do not distort source’s meaning.  Paraphrase should be about as long as the original.  The sentence structure should NOT mirror the original.  Include citation for every paraphrase!

13.  Original:  “ Science, in its most fundamental definition, is a fruitful mode of inquiry, not a list of enticing conclusions” (Gould 456).  Unacceptable Paraphrase #1  The basic definition of science is that it is a productive method of research, not a list of enticing conclusions (456).  Acceptable Paraphrase #1  Gould says that the basic definition of science is that it is a productive method of research, “not a list of enticing conclusions” (456).  Acceptable Paraphrase #2 Science does not simply offer interesting conclusions; instead, it should be defined as a productive form of research (Gould 456).

14.  Read the original text.  Put original aside.  Write original’s ideas in your own words, without looking at the original.  Compare the two for “borrowed” words or incorrectly stated ideas or emphasis.  Revise.  Compare again.  Insert in-text citation.

15. “ About Gandhi.” GhandiServ.org. 5 Feb., 2009. http://www.gandhiserve.org/ about_gandhi.html. “Barack Obama Biography.” Bio.True Story. 2 Feb., 2010. http://www.biography. com/articles/Barack-Obama-12782369. Encyclopedia Titanica. 5 Feb, 2009. http://www.encyclopedia-titanica.org/ Glenn, Cheryl and Loretta Gray. The Writer’s Harbrace Handbook, 2 nd ed. Boston: Thomson-Wadsworth, 2007 Gould, Stephen Jay. “Sex Drugs, Disasters, and the Extinction of Dinosaurs.” 75 Readings Plus, 7 th ed. Eds. Santi V. Buscemi and Charlotte Smith. Madison: McGraw Hill, 2004. 456-463. Hairston, Maxine, John Ruszkiewicz, and Christy Friend. The Scott Foresman Handbook for Writers, 7 th ed. Upper Saddle River: Pearson/Prentice Hall, 2004. Oxford English Dictionary. Online. 12 October, 2005. http://oed.com/. Rosen, Leonard J. and Laurence Behrens. The Allyn & Bacon Handbook, 2 nd ed. Boston: Allyn & Bacon, 1994. “St. Cloud State Student Handbook” Online. St. Cloud State. 12 Oct. 2005. http://www.stcloudstate.edu/studenthandbook/code/ conduct.asp Vaidhyanathan, Siva. “Between Pragmatics and Anarchism.” Free Culture and the Digital Library: Symposium Proceedings 2005. Emory University. Atlanta: MetaScholar Initiative, 2005.

16. Thank you