1. Managing Transition Course objectives and scope: Analysis: Diagnosis Design: Modeling Implementation: Transition “We never have enough time to do a thing right, but we always have time to do it twice”

2. Analysis: Overall Picture Mission Strategy Objectives Business entity Social system Diagnosis PROCESS InputOutput Input ProcessOutput Input ProcessOutput Input ProcessOutput Input ProcessOutput Input ProcessOutput Input ProcessOutput Input Output Process Input ProcessOutput Level of grow: crisis, structure, problems Culture, conflicts awareness D. ChristozovINF 270 PIS: Managing Transition2

3. Analysis: Business Process & Decision Making Input Output Process ? Decision/output Ivancho Marijka Goshko The Big BOSS Company’s objectives Personal objectives D. ChristozovINF 270 PIS: Managing Transition3

4. Analysis: Decisions ? If the input is ‘X1’  yes If the input is ‘X2’  no If the input is neither ‘X1’ nor ‘X2’ then if the applicant is a young blond female  yes else if the applicant is a male  no else “What Goshko said” if Goshko said nothing do the opposite of what Ivancho & Marijka suggested Otherwise: direct the case to the “Bigger Boss”… The Big BOSS Structured part Applying rules Unstructured part Applying intuition ? Mission/Strategy Objectives Semi-structured decisions D. ChristozovINF 270 PIS: Managing Transition4

5. IS Development Project Mission/Strategy Objectives D. ChristozovINF 270 PIS: Managing Transition5

6. IS Design: Planning Mission/Strategy Objectives D. ChristozovINF 270 PIS: Managing Transition6

7. Design of IS: detail design Big Boss Use Case (specify the module to serve the Big Boss): INPUT: – Read the input documents – Read Goshko’s opinion – Read Marijka’s opinion PROCESS: – If X1 then fill the case dossier and send a message with text ‘yes’ … – If X2 then fill the case dossier and send a message with text ‘no’ … – ELSE Prepare a report to show on the screen of the Big Boss’s PC: SELECT Gender, age FROM input_documents ENTER Picture IF EXISTS PRINT Goshko’ opinion IF EXISTS PRINT Marijka’s opinion OPEN FORM with options: ‘yes’ or ‘no’ or ‘Submit the case up’ When the FORM is completed – fill the case dossier and send a message … What constitute “young”? If there is definition, the case of “young, blond female” is also automatic Automatic Benefit - all automatic cases are proceed without “Big Boss” involvement. IS increases “Big Boss” productivity! Mission/Strategy Objectives D. ChristozovINF 270 PIS: Managing Transition7

8. Categories of Information Systems Mission/Strategy Objectives D. ChristozovINF 270 PIS: Managing Transition8

9. Categories of Information Systems Mission/Strategy Objectives D. ChristozovINF 270 PIS: Managing Transition9

10. Categories of Information Systems Mission/Strategy Objectives D. ChristozovINF 270 PIS: Managing Transition10

11. Categories of Information Systems Mission/Strategy Objectives D. ChristozovINF 270 PIS: Managing Transition11

12. Transition What new IS may change? Managing transition: How the IS will affect administrative structure? How to reorganize the business process(es)? What IS may cause to corporate politics and culture? How to avoid resistance? The role of leadership/ Mission/Strategy Objectives D. ChristozovINF 270 PIS: Managing Transition12

13. Transition: What new IS may change? Transaction Processing Systems (TPS): – Traceability; Recording all facts; – Serves operational decision making; – Improve efficiency; – Don’t affect administrative structure; – Smooth and streamline business processes; – Improve accountability. Mission/Strategy Objectives D. ChristozovINF 270 PIS: Managing Transition13

14. Transition: What new IS may change? Management Information Systems (MIS): – Performance control; – Periodical reports – to show whether what was planned is achieved: support corrective actions; – Exception reports – to ring the bell in case of appearing significant problems; – Improve effectiveness; – May result in structural changes by flattening administrative structure; – May result in reengineering of business processes. Mission/Strategy Objectives D. ChristozovINF 270 PIS: Managing Transition14

15. Transition: What new IS may change? Executive Information Systems (EIS): – Support of Strategic Decision – Simulation: What-if analysis – Prediction – Playing scenarios – Don’t affect every-day life of the organization Mission/Strategy Objectives D. ChristozovINF 270 PIS: Managing Transition15

16. Transition: What new IS may change? Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP): – Integrates information for better planning and use of resources (material, financial, human and information) on enterprise level; – Serves for better control and planning improved MIS Mission/Strategy Objectives D. ChristozovINF 270 PIS: Managing Transition16

17. Managing transition: How the IS will affect administrative structure? Mission/Strategy Objectives Goshko Ivancho Marjika Big Boss X Bigger Boss A Biggest Boss report order report order report order report order report order Bigger Boss B report order Big Boss Y report order Petyrcho report order Flattening Direct/horizontal IS D. ChristozovINF 270 PIS: Managing Transition17

18. Managing transition: How to reorganize the business process(es)? Mission/Strategy Objectives Goshko Lenche Marijka Petyrcho Vancho Big Boss Goshko Lenche Marijka Petyrcho Vancho Big Boss IS Parallel Processing instead of Sequential Processing D. ChristozovINF 270 PIS: Managing Transition18

19. Managing transition: What IS may cause to corporate politics and culture? Changing the authority structure Increasing – accountability, – Visibility – responsibility and – self control Empowering individuals Mission/Strategy Objectives D. ChristozovINF 270 PIS: Managing Transition19

20. Managing transition: How to avoid resistance? Provide information regarding IS early Involve employees in IS specification Keep employees familiar with IS project progress Give people time to adjust Ensure assistance Mission/Strategy Objectives Would I have chosen this? Do I accept it? Can I benefit? How this will affect me? Can I cope with the stress? Whether I am prepared? Can I try the new IS in advance? Who can help me? Resistance is natural D. ChristozovINF 270 PIS: Managing Transition20

21. Managing transition: Guarantee smooth transition Plan activities for the transition as early as initiation of IS project Train employees in advance Dedicate resources for parallel running of old and new systems for at least one complete business cycle Compare usability of the two systems Identify possible problems and risks Migrate to the new system when problems are resolved Mission/Strategy Objectives D. ChristozovINF 270 PIS: Managing Transition21

22. Q & A D. ChristozovINF 270 PIS: Managing Transition22

23. ER/EER diagram Flow chart User interface D. ChristozovINF 270 PIS: Managing Transition23