1. Houston Rescue and Restore Coalition Laying the tracks to

2. o HRRC exists to prevent and confront modern-day slavery by educating the public, training professionals and empowering the community to take action for the purpose of identifying, rescuing and restoring trafficking victims to freedom. o Our coalition consists of local non-profits, faith- based organizations, and government agencies/entities Houston Rescue & Restore Coalition Copyright © 2012 Houston Rescue & Restore Coalition

3. HRRC Efforts Front-LineProfessionalTraining Youth PreventionProgram Public Awareness Sub-contractedOutreach Programs Volunteer Program

4. Learning Objectives  Define human trafficking  Understand the forms and prevalence of human trafficking on a global, national, and local scale  Increase awareness and sensitivity in order to identify potential trafficking victims  Provide an overview of anti-human trafficking efforts in Houston  Empower the community to take action Copyright © 2012 Houston Rescue & Restore Coalition

5. What comes to mind when you think of human trafficking? Child labor Sweatshop labor International sex trafficking

6. What areas of the world do you think of when you hear human trafficking? It happens all over the world, including the United States

7. What is human trafficking?

8. What is Human Trafficking? Human trafficking is based on the principles of supply and demand. A market-driven, criminal industry fueled by demand for labor, services and commercial sex acts. Victims are forced, defrauded and/or coerced to supply services, labor, or sex It does not necessarily imply movement or transportation but rather the buying and selling of people. Human trafficking is a human rights issue. Copyright © 2012 Houston Rescue & Restore Coalition

9. Elements of Trafficking Force - involves the use of rape, beatings and confinement to control victims. Fraud - involves false offers that induce people into trafficking situation. Coercion - threats that cause an individual to feel as if they cannot leave the situation they are in. Adapted from Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000

10. Human Trafficking Legislation in the U.S.: Trafficking Victims Protection Act (TVPA) of 2000 Made human trafficking a federal crime Reauthorized in 2003, 2005, 2008, awaiting 2012’s reauthorization Copyright © 2012 Houston Rescue & Restore Coalition

11. Sex trafficking: o “The recruitment, harboring, transportation, provision, or obtaining of a person for the purpose of a commercial sex act, in which a commercial sex act is induced by force, fraud, or coercion, or in which the person forced to perform such an act is under the age of 18 years.” o Commercial sex act – “any sexual act for which anything of value is given to or received by any person.” U.S. Dept. of Justice Trafficking Victims Protection Act (TVPA) of 2000

12. Labor trafficking: o “The recruitment, harboring, transportation, provision, or obtaining of a person for labor or services, through the use of force, fraud or coercion for the purpose of subjection to involuntary servitude, peonage, debt bondage or slavery.” Trafficking Victims Protection Act (TVPA) of 2000

13. Human Trafficking vs. Smuggling Trafficking  Exploitation-based  Requires  Element of force, fraud or coercion  “working” or the i nvolvement in labor/services or commercial sex acts  Does NOT require:  movement of the victim  crossing international border Smuggling  Persons are free to leave, change jobs, etc  Facilitates illegal entry of person(s) from one country into another  Always crosses an international border  Transportation based Adapted from U.S. Dept of State, Jan 2006

14. Human Trafficking vs. Other Crimes Copyright © 2012 Houston Rescue & Restore Coalition Hostage taking A young girl pays $3,000 to a smuggler to come to the U.S. from El Salvador. When she arrives in the U.S. the smuggler tells her she owes another $3,000 and she cannot leave until she gets it to him. The girl says she is not able to get it. The smuggler calls her family and tells them that he will not let the girl go until he receives $3,000 in ransom.

15. Human Trafficking vs. Other Crimes Copyright © 2012 Houston Rescue & Restore Coalition Kidnapping To get back at an ex-girlfriend, a man takes his ex’s son and forces him, using physical abuse, to get into his car. He keeps the young boy inside a bedroom for months where he rarely feeds and does not release him from captivity.

16. Human Trafficking vs. Other Crimes Copyright © 2012 Houston Rescue & Restore Coalition Prostitution A 19 year old girl begins stripping to make money. She finds that she is able to make quick cash and pay off some of her bills and loans. She decides to become a prostitute and spends her weekend evenings on the streets prostituting herself out to different clients. At the end of the night she returns to her home.

17. General Scope of the Problem o Illegal in every country, but happens everywhere - Defining & Measuring Modern Slavery: Kevin Bales, 2007 o 2 nd largest and fastest growing criminal industry in the world - US Department of Health and Human Service o Unlike drugs or arms, exploitation continues after point of sale o Many forms, ever-changing

18. International Scope of the Problem “Nearly 21 million people are victims of forced labour across the world, trapped in jobs which they were coerced or deceived into and which they cannot leave.” (International Labor Organization, Updated 6/1/12) Three out of every 1,000 people worldwide are in forced labour today (ILO, Updated 6/1/12) The human trafficking industry generates profit of $32 billion yearly. (International Labor Organization & NHTRC) Copyright © 2012 Houston Rescue & Restore Coalition

19. International Scope - by the Numbers TVPRA of 2003 requires foreign governments to report investigation data to the U.S. Department of State In FY 2010: 33,113 victims identified 17 new or updated pieces of legislation were passed 6,017 prosecutions, 607 were labor cases These cases led to 3,619 convictions, 237 labor cases Department of State, Trafficking in Persons (TIP) Report, 2011

20. Global Victims of Human Trafficking Victims are men, women, adolescents, and children trafficked across country borders. Examples of human trafficking: Harvesting cocoa beans Mining metals Harvesting cotton Sexual exploitation Sweatshops/retail factories Child soldiers Domestic servitude Products with potential for slave labor: Clothing Electronics Food, coffee, chocolate Athletic shoes Diamonds Copyright © 2012 Houston Rescue & Restore Coalition

21. Root Causes: Supply & Demand Factors supplying victims: – Poverty, lack of opportunities, homelessness – Political instability – Discrimination – cultural, ethnic, religious, gender, sexual orientation, age – Immigration laws/policies – Victims often shunned and marginalized by society Factors contributing to consumer demand : – Cheaper products – Cheap labor – Sex industry Copyright © 2012 Houston Rescue & Restore Coalition

22. Human Trafficking in the U.S.

23. International Victims Trafficked in the U.S. Top countries of foreign victim origin: Honduras Thailand India Philippines Haiti El Salvador Dominican Republic 14,500 - 17,500 people are trafficked annually into the U.S. Victims are: Refugees In the U.S. legally with work visas, student visas, tourist visas Undocumented immigrants Married to U.S. citizen Men, women, teenagers, and children Trafficking in Persons (TIP) Report, 2011

24. International victims in the U.S. by the numbers in FY 2010 International victims originated from 47 different countries 55% of foreign adult victims were involved in labor trafficking (70% men, 30% women) 62% of foreign child victims were involved in labor trafficking (half boys, half girls) 29% of foreign child victims were involved in sex trafficking (30% boys) Department of State, Trafficking in Persons (TIP) Report, 2011

25. Domestic Victims of Human Trafficking Domestic Victims trafficked within the U.S. U.S. citizens/ legal permanent residents Every gender, all ages Forced labor and sexual services. Vast majority of victims are children forced into the commercial sex industry. Copyright © 2012 Houston Rescue & Restore Coalition

26. Human Trafficking in the U.S. by the Numbers in FY 2010 181 people charged w. human trafficking 141 convictions 103 human trafficking prosecutions 32 labor trafficking 71 sex trafficking Prosecution Labor trafficking – 5 to 20 years imprisonment Sex trafficking – up to life imprisonment Department of State, Trafficking in Persons (TIP) Report, 2011

27. In 2003, trafficking in persons became a second-degree felony in Texas 2009 Updates Provided grants for direct victim services & law enforcement training (HB 4009) Implemented Statewide Human Trafficking Task Force (HB 4009) 2011 Updates Strengthens criminal penalties (SB 247) Additional protection for child victims (SB 247) Texas State Legislation Adapted from Texas State Legislature

28. Human Trafficking in Texas by the Numbers Law Enforcement Task Force on Human Trafficking in Texas since 2007: Approx. 500 victims reported in Texas 189 Foreign citizens 220 American Citizens Adapted from The Texas Human Trafficking Prevention Task Force, 2011

29. Why is Houston a Hub? Copyright © 2012 Houston Rescue & Restore Coalition Proximity to the border. Home to a major international airport & seaport. Diverse labor sector, diverse community, large immigrant population. DOJ declared Houston one of the most intense human trafficking jurisdictions in the country. Houston is one of the largest locations for sexually oriented business in the U.S.

30. HTRA Mission Statement The Human Trafficking Rescue Alliance (HTRA) is a collaboration of local, state and federal law enforcement agencies working together with area social service organizations to identify and assist the victims of human trafficking and to effectively identify, apprehend and prosecute those engaged in trafficking offenses.

31. Expand interagency coordination among local, state and federal law enforcement agencies Collaborate with non-governmental organizations to assist victims and educate the public Enhance ways to treat and care for victims as material witnesses needed for prosecution Train first responders to identify potential victims of trafficking Hold regional training conferences to discuss the problem Evaluate ways to identify trafficking victims Prosecute traffickers and trafficking organizations HTRA Goals

32. Catholic Charities Harris County Attorney’s Office Harris County District Attorney’s Office Harris County Sheriff’s Office Houston City Attorney’s Office Houston Police Department Houston Rescue and Restore Coalition Texas Alcoholic Beverage Commission Texas Attorney General’s Office Texas Department of Public Safety U.S. Department of Homeland Security Immigration and Customs Enforcement Customs and Border Protection U.S. Coast Guard U.S. Department of Health and Human Services U.S. Department of Justice Federal Bureau of Investigation U.S. Attorney’s Office U.S. Department of Labor Office of the Inspector General Wage and Hour Division U.S. Department of State, Diplomatic Security Service U.S. Department of Treasury, Internal Revenue Service YMCA International Services HTRA Chaired by the U.S. Attorney’s Office Meets quarterly Members

33. Human Trafficking in Houston Since 2005 the Houston Law Enforcement Task Force on Human Trafficking has: Rescued 187 trafficking victims Investigate 68 cases, 38 of which were human trafficking 46 defendants charged federally 8 defendants charged by the state The FBI Innocence Lost Task Force in Houston rescues child victims of sexual exploitation 9 rescued in 2005 38 rescued in 2011 100% increase in credible tips from Texas to the National Human Trafficking Hotline over last three years Copyright © 2012 Houston Rescue & Restore Coalition

34. Who is susceptible to becoming trafficked? Copyright 2010, Houston Rescue & Restore Coalition

35. Who is Vulnerable to Human Trafficking? Low socio-economic status Uneducated about fraudulent jobs Unfamiliar with culture and language barriers Homelessness Learning disabilities/physical challenges Children Copyright © 2012 Houston Rescue & Restore Coalition

36. Domestic Minor Victims of Human Trafficking Copyright © 2012 Houston Rescue & Restore Coalition Trafficked within the U.S. Low self-esteem GLBTQ community Homeless youth Runaways/throwaway children Kidnapped child Past sexual/physical abuse Looking for love, affection and attention

37. Domestic Minor Victims of Labor Trafficking Characteristics Targets: Anyone, but children are easier to manipulate. Typically involves false offers of jobs or debt bondage Examples of Labor Trafficking Restaurants Construction Gardening Door-to-door sales Peddling/Begging Domestic Servants Nanny Case Example: Traveling Sales Crews

38. Domestic Minor Victims of Sex Trafficking Definition: “The prostitution, pornography, or sexual performance of U.S. citizens/lawful permanent residents under age 18” (Shared Hope International) 1 out of 3 teens on the street will be lured into prostitution within 48 hours of leaving home. National Incidence Studies of Missing, Abducted, Runaway, and Throwaway Children)

39. What does human trafficking look like here? Copyright 2010, Houston Rescue & Restore Coalition

40. Sex Trafficking in the U.S. Spas Adult Modeling Studios Tea Houses Hostess Lounges Massage Parlors Strip Clubs Residential Brothels Truck Stops Sex Tourism Copyright © 2012 Houston Rescue & Restore Coalition

41. The Rojas’ Case: Sex Trafficking La Costeñita Bar and El Club Restaurante Defendants lured young Mexican girls into U.S. under false pretenses by offering them jobs in restaurants and bars Girls were: Forced into prostitution Deprived of their earnings Charged for rent, condoms, etc. Peonage Controlled by pimps 3 year investigations after a 911 call All 10 defendants have been charged and pled guilty Results: Two pled guilty to sex trafficking No less than 10 years imprisonment up to life and a $250,000 fine Adapted from DOJ November 29, 2011 La Costeñita Houston, TX

42. The Maria Bonita Cantina Case: Sex Trafficking Texas Alcohol and Beverage Commission

43. Labor Trafficking in the U.S. o Involuntary servitude: forced to work against their will o Peonage/Debt Bondage : forced to work to pay off debt that accumulates rapidly and cannot actually be paid off o Slavery : held captive against their will and forced to work Hotels Domestic servitude Restaurants Construction work Forced begging Traveling sales crew Farm work/ranches Copyright © 2012 Houston Rescue & Restore Coalition

44. U.S. vs. Lee: Labor Trafficking Interstate operation including North Florida and North Carolina Recruited homeless U.S. citizens for his operation, creating a “company store” debt through loans for rent, food, cigarettes, and cocaine. Abducted and beat his workers to prevent them from leaving. The case broke in 2005 after a report from a homeless shelter where one of the workers had fled. (Naples Daily News, September 23, 2006) Adapted from Coalition of the Immokalee Workers

45. Pirated DVD’s: Labor Trafficking in Houston, TX Illegal smuggling business, lured Mexicans into U.S. smuggling fee into the U.S. paid by traffickers. Victims were: Forced to sell pirated CDs/DVDs door-to-door to pay off smuggling debt Assaulted Threatened with violence Intimidated by threatening calls to family in Mexico Results: The 3 defendants pled guilty in April, 2011 and remain in custody. Adapted from DOJ October 14, 2011

46. Who are the Human Traffickers? Neighbors, friends Agricultural operations/garment industry Business owners Families Organized crime Diplomats & governments It could be anyone… Adapted from the Freedom Network Training Institute, www.freedomnetworkusa.orgwww.freedomnetworkusa.org

47. Who are the Human Traffickers? Ex-San Antonio Spurs star accused of sextraffickingby Associated PressPosted on February 26, 2010 SAN ANTONIO—Former NBA All-Star AlvinRobertson faces sexual assault of a child and sextrafficking charges alleging he was among sevenpeople who kidnapped a 14-year-old girl who wasforced into prostitution and made to dance at astrip club.

48. How Are Victims Recruited? Acquaintances or family Newspaper ads Fake employment agencies Front businesses Word of mouth Abduction Adapted from the Freedom Network Training Institute, www.freedomnetworkusa.orgwww.freedomnetworkusa.org 4/1/2010 Houston, Texas, Estados Unidos BAILARINAS DELGADAS, PARA CLUB ADULTO no necesitas transportación, nosotros te llevamos y traemos. Buena paga, 713-###-#### Laura.

49. Case Studies: Read Aloud Please read 2-3 cases as a table Determine force, fraud or coercion These are only some of the MANY ways human trafficking takes form in the United States Copyright © 2012 Houston Rescue & Restore Coalition

50. How to Identify a Victim: Red Flags Evidence of being controlled Unaware of their location Inability to move or leave job Bruises or other signs of physical abuse Fear or depression Not speaking on own behalf No passport or other forms of identification Strange tattoos or branding Rehearsed story

51. See it. Report it. National Human Trafficking Resource Center Hotline 1-888-3737-888 (multi-lingual, more information, report a tip) Put this in your cell phone! http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CVHFV5C8fM4

52. See it. Report it. Crime Stoppers 713-222-TIPS (completely anonymous, report a crime, cash reward)

53. Texas Tips to the Human Trafficking Hotline In 2011, 268 credible tips were reported to NHTRC’s hotline from Texas. (National Human Trafficking Resource Center – Polaris Project, 2011)

54. Future for the Victim Victims have a limited useful life Poor physical health; disease, infection, or injury; emotional collapse; addiction St. Petersburg FL Police Department

55. Future for the Victim Victims are also murdered Tiffany Mason, San Francisco, murdered by “john” at age 15 (August 2001)

56. How You Can Be an Abolitionist 1. Shop for Freedom 2. Freedom in the Workplace 3. Advocate for Freedom 4. Pray for Freedom 5. Socialize & Learn About Freedom Copyright © 2012 Houston Rescue & Restore Coalition

57. Human Trafficking Awareness Month Events http://www.houstonrr.org/htam- events/upcoming/ Copyright © 2012 Houston Rescue & Restore Coalition

58. Pledges Want to reduce the usage of slave labor in your daily life? Check out: http://slaveryfootprint.org/http://slaveryfootprint.org/ Take a moment to write down a pledge on how you can end slavery this year.

59. Contact Us! Tel: Tel: (713) 874-0290 Email: Email: contact@houstonrr.orgcontact@houstonrr.org Visit our website: Visit our website: www.houstonrr.orgwww.houstonrr.org See it. Report it. 1-888-3737-888