1. “We the People …” Bruce A. Courtade David E. Bevins September 20, 2011 Three Words that Changed the World and Why They are Still Important Today

2. What Were the Signers of the Constitution Thinking?

3. Who Were the Signers of the Constitution? Goal = “Benefit of the Bargain.” Three basic remedies: 1. Monetary Damages 2. Injunctive Relief 3. Specific Performance

4. What Difference Does the Constitution Make to YOU?

5. Separation of Powers Legislative (Congress) Passes bills; has broad taxing and spending power; controls the federal budget. Passes bills; has broad taxing and spending power; controls the federal budget. Has sole power to declare war. Has sole power to declare war. Oversees, investigates, and makes the rules for the government and its officers. Oversees, investigates, and makes the rules for the government and its officers. Ratification of treaties signed by the President and gives advice and consent to presidential appointments to the federal judiciary, federal executive departments, and other posts (Senate only). Ratification of treaties signed by the President and gives advice and consent to presidential appointments to the federal judiciary, federal executive departments, and other posts (Senate only). Has sole power of impeachment (House of Representatives) and trial of impeachments (Senate); can remove federal executive and judicial officers from office for high crimes and misdemeanors. Has sole power of impeachment (House of Representatives) and trial of impeachments (Senate); can remove federal executive and judicial officers from office for high crimes and misdemeanors.

6. Separation of Powers Executive (President) Has all the Executive Power. Has all the Executive Power. Is commander-in-chief of the armed forces. Is commander-in-chief of the armed forces. May veto bills passed by Congress. May veto bills passed by Congress. Declares states of emergency and publishes regulations and executive orders. Declares states of emergency and publishes regulations and executive orders. Makes appointments to the federal judiciary, federal executive departments, and other posts with the Senate’s advice and consent Makes appointments to the federal judiciary, federal executive departments, and other posts with the Senate’s advice and consent Has the power to grant reprieves and pardons. Has the power to grant reprieves and pardons.

7. Separation of Powers Judicial (Supreme Court) Exercises judicial review, reviewing the constitutionality of laws. Exercises judicial review, reviewing the constitutionality of laws. Determines how Congress meant the law to apply to disputes. Determines how Congress meant the law to apply to disputes. Federal judges serve for life. Federal judges serve for life.

8. What Rights are Given to You by the Constitution?

9. NONE!!! The Ninth Amendment declares: "The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people."

10. 1 st Amendment: Freedom of Speech and Religion

11. Fifth Amendment Protections Cannot be forced to testify against yourself in a criminal trial Double jeopardy Right to Due Process

12. Sixth Amendment Protections Right to a trial by a jury of your peers

13. Freedom From Racial Discrimination 13 th Amendment: Section 1. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction. Section 2. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

14. Freedom from Racial Discrimination Plessy v Ferguson (United States Supreme Court, 1896): “Separate but equal” facilities are OK.

15. Freedom from Racial Discrimination Brown v Topeka Board of Education(United States Supreme Court, 1954): Segregation outlawed in public schools.

16. Freedom from Racial Discrimination Rosa Parks and the Montgomery Bus Strike

17. Freedom from Racial Discrimination Rosa Parks and the Montgomery Bus Strike

18. What is the Lesson We Learn from Rosa Parks?

19. The power of one person … The strength of one voice … The Framers’ wisdom … and The Constitution’s enduring power to preserve and protect the rights of every person in the United States.