1. Workflow Management Kap. 1. Organizing Workflows
Wil van der Aalst has copyrights to almost all figures in the following slideshow made by Lars Frank.

2. What are the relationships between KM, Workflows and ERP?
Knowledge Management (KM): Provide the way to share and organize strategies, research and development of current systems
Work Management: Assist in day-to-day production work, enhance productivity and quality of work
Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP): Applications for traditional business activities like accounting, inventory, logistics, sales etc.
Source: Martin Ader (2000) Technologies for the Virtual Enterprise

3. Which management levels can use WFMS?

4. Routing types example:
Routing rules are used to integrate activities and places
Routing types example:
Settlement = skadesopgørelse. Proceeding = Gå videre.
What routing types are missing in the dataflow diagram?

5. Workflows may be nested.
If C is outsourced it is viewed as atomic and its parts are not interesting.
Can an e-commerce system be viewed as an outsourced atomic activity?

6. Example of a Contract tree
A principal can outsource a subprocess to a contractor.

7. Three types of processes/tokens
Senere vises at support- og styringsprocesser undertiden kan styres med triggers.
The managerial/support process is integrated in the primary process!
In the following example you have a human token that manages the primary process.
A database state record with the information ”compensatable”, ”pivot”, or ”retriable” is an example of a support process/state.

8. Petri net with one support/managerial resource:
In the example you have a human token that manages the primary process in such a way that the primary process can only handle one token at a time! The managerial process is integrated in the primary process!
How can the capacity be extended by using more human pay assistents? Who desides whether the claim is rejected or payed? (Correct the error).

9. Overview of Process modeling techniques:

10. Today´s situation (2003):

11. Activity Execution
Activity description
Process
prog in
out

12. Each workflow activity may use resources
Workflow Technology
Activity
Synch 1 2
Business
Process 3 4 5
Decision
Does a workflow manage human ressources or can the human ressources manage the workflow?

13. Workflow versus groupware:
Structured processes
CSCW
Unstructured processes

14. Grouping of “workflow” applications:
High
Volume
Low
Individual
Processes
Routine/Repeatable
Software Development
Collaborative
Process Management
Insurance Claims
Production
Static Structure
Administrative
Document Processing
Non-critical
Groupware
Ad hoc
Human Intervention
Ad-hoc workflows do not have a well-defined process model to follow. The execution path is more or less determined at runtime, and is basically controlled by humans.
These are generally not mission critical, and accomplish the flow of information among people within the organization.
Production workflows are also predictable and repetitive. They have well defined process models. These usually involve a number of information systems that may be heterogeneous and distributed. Production workflow management systems are thus, more complex and critical than ad-hoc or administrative.
Administrative workflows are based on simple, repetitive and predictable processes. The ordering and coordination of tasks can thus be automated. However, these too, like ad-hoc workflows, do not involve complex information processing systems, and are generally not mission critical.
Collaborative workflows are characterized by high mission criticality. They are mostly controlled by humans, and lack a well-defined process model. Thus most of the task ordering and coordination is determined at runtime by the workflow participants.

15. Workflow and groupware products:

16. Groupware versus Transaction processing:

17. Aspects of workflow and workgroup computing:

18. WF Management subsystems:
Workflow Management System
Build Time
Run Time
Semantics
Syntax
Workflow Model
Workflow Language
Build Time Tools
Editor
Simulator
Animator
Debugger
Work List
EndUser Tools
Monitor
Analyser
Administrator
Configurator
Functional Components
Run Time Tools
Implementation Architecture
Implementation
Model
Processes
Databases
Communication
Source: Jablonski and Bussler, 1996

19. Workflow Implementation Process
Business Process Engineering
Implementing WF Test System
Project Pre-phase
Workflow Conceptual Design
Developing WF Interfaces
Strategic Planning
Implementing Production System
Production Phase
Maintenance Improvement
Application Integration
Workflow Test Run
Source: Scheer, 2000

20. Workflows is not a new idea, why now?
CPI = continuous process improuvement
XML

21. End of session
Thank you !!!

22. Factors and Technologies
Workflow
Management
Special DB
Communication
Systems
Video
Conferencing
Bulletin
Board
Shared
Data spaces
Distributed
Hypertext
Workgroup
Computing
Planning
System
Meeting
Support
Group
Editor
Coordination
Collaboration

23. Business Activities Any (business) activity has 3 dimensions:
Intelligence (< 20 % of total costs)
market segmentation; competitive positioning; pricing strategy; service quality benchmarking; identifying potential customers, BI.
Operational (~ 10 % of total costs)
core business tasks; invoicing; sales transactions; accounting; purchasing; inventory control
Production (Up to 85 % of total costs)
Handling insurance claims; reviewing applications; meeting with potential customers; writing proposals; ordering goods and services
 Knowledge Management
 Enterprise Resource Planning
 Workflow Management
Source: Martin Ader (2000) Technologies for the Virtual Enterprise

24. Dataflow diagrams:
In dataflow diagrams, routing rules that illustrate papallel executinon are missing.
In the following the roting rules are described.

25. Workflow Routing TypesB A
Begin
Sequence
And Split E C D
Fork
And Join
Or Split
Synchronizer G F
Choice
Or Join S
Merge Do L
While
Nesting
End
Synchronizer
Iteration
Termination