Behavioral Observation and Screening in Child Care

Behavioral Observation and Screening in Child Care
Module 1: Introduction and Overview

Observation & Screening
___________ is when a child care worker recognizes and notes an identifiable performance or behavior and uses instruments such as checklists, anecdotal records and running records. The instruments are used to measure progress against a standard and to share results with assessment experts. __________ means an instrument intended to identify and monitor normal development or possible developmental delay. Screening programs are not diagnostic, and are not based on whether a child has passed a certain curriculum. Behavioral Observation and Screening

Behavioral Observation and Screening
Tommy can stand on his tiptoes, but cannot yet turn somersaults. can sing much of the “ABC” song, but doesn’t yet recognize letters. is easily frustrated, and hasn’t yet begun to work on showing emotion in more socially acceptable ways. can scribble back and forth with a crayon, but cannot yet use scissors. is beginning to share, but is not yet very cooperative. -does this sound like a familiar child? -are his skills about where you would expect them to be? -is this behavior normal? Behavioral Observation and Screening

Key Point The caregiver must use a child’s ____ in order to interpret the child’s __________. Behavioral Observation and Screening

National statistics show only ____ of infants has any ___________ disabling conditions at the time of their birth, but by school-age, approximately ___ of all children are found to have some degree of developmental ___________. How can we identify those 10% of children earlier in life rather than later? ________________________________________________________________________________________________

Why Do We Need this Course? Required by ___________ Licensing Standards; Child Care Facilities (1) __________ STANDARDS.--The department shall establish licensing standards that each licensed child care facility must meet regardless of the origin or source of the fees used to operate the facility or the type of children served by the facility. (a) The standards shall be designed to address the following areas: 1. The health, sanitation, safety, and adequate physical surroundings for all children in child care. 2. The health and nutrition of all children in child care. 3. The child development needs of all children in child care. AND… Behavioral Observation and Screening

(2) _________.--Minimum standards for child care personnel shall include minimum requirements as to: (d) Minimum training requirements for child care personnel. 1. Such minimum standards for training shall ensure that all child care personnel and operators … take an approved _____________ introductory course in child care, … Behavioral Observation and Screening

Key Point The Florida ___________ has mandated that child care providers complete a course that covers the topic of ___________ of developmental behaviors, including using a checklist or other similar observation tools and techniques, to determine the child’s developmental age level. Behavioral Observation and Screening

Other reasons? Modern ________ & societal realities have created the need for an ________ and aware care giver; it is entirely possible to have parents who are unfamiliar with their child’s evolving skills & abilities; it is often the child care worker who has the best opportunity to _______ the child between breakfast & dinner, which are the bulk of the child’s wakeful hours.

Activity: Parental Contact Hours Vs. Caregiver Contact Hours
6:15 a.m. Lucy wakes up, eats, gets dressed, brushes her teeth and hair 7:00 a.m. Lucy’s mom puts her in the car and they leave for child care – they talk and listen to the morning traffic report all the way to school, 7:30 a.m. Lucy’s mom carries her inside, signs her in, gives her hugs and kisses. 7:35 a.m. Lucy’s mom leaves for work. Lucy spends the day in her child care program. 6:00 p.m. Lucy’s mom picks her up from child care 6:30 p.m. They arrive home – Lucy watches cartoons while her mom makes dinner and then they eat. Lucy watches television while her mom cleans up the dinner dishes. 7:30 p.m. Lucy and her mom either read books, watch television, or talk during bath time. 8:15 p.m. Lucy brushes her teeth and puts on her pajamas. 8:30 p.m. Lucy gives her mom hugs, kisses, and goes to sleep. Behavioral Observation and Screening

Key Point Parents could be _______ of the signs of _____________ delay. It is the child care provider who can help identify a child who might _______ from professional intervention. Behavioral Observation and Screening

Key Benefits of Developmental Screening
Early detection of problems allows for timely referral for ____________. The caregiver’s attention can be focused on activities that __________ the child’s skills. Increased volume and quality of information available to the parents regarding “in-the-home” activities that _______ normal development. Provides a common reference point and basis for interaction for _______, __________ _______, and _____ development specialists. Behavioral Observation and Screening

Key Point Proper _________ leads to sound assessment so that early _________ of potential developmental delays will determine the correct ________ and intervention. Behavioral Observation and Screening

Module 2: Child Development and Developmental Delay

Development in the Human Brain
A few years ago, some researchers tried an interesting experiment… “_____________________” – period during which the development of specialized connections are favored.

Development in the Human Brain
- We learn throughout our lives, but it seems that there are early periods during which our brains most easily acquire the basic foundations for later ___ development. - If we miss an early window of opportunity, some later development is more difficult or even sometimes ___________ compromised. - When we discover that a child is struggling with a developmental task, we can involve that child in activities and exercises that place _____ emphasis on the skills he needs to acquire. Behavioral Observation and Screening

What is a Developmental Disability?
Appropriate support in the first three years of life of a child with special needs is called __________________________, and the sooner intervention services begin the better. Two specific developmental disabilities that you may see in children in your care are: Autism – Down syndrome -

Inclusion _____________________________________(ADA): a federal law that requires child care programs to comply with specific accessibility guidelines to support children with developmental disabilities. Achieving inclusion may require special training for staff members, enhanced learning opportunities for children, or adaptive or modified materials, toys, & equipment. The_______________________________________, IDEA, ensures that children with disabilities ages 3 to 1 receive a free & appropriate public education & that early intervention services are provided to eligible infants & toddlers. When child care programs fully support children with developmental disabilities, they are said to be ________________ Programs can be inclusive by: Using ____________________________________ establishing a routine and schedule fostering __________________ nurturing _________________________________ facilitating imaginative play assisting families in meeting their _________________

Positive Behavior Supports
The best way to guide the behavior of children with developmental disabilities is to use ____________________________________ while providing developmentally appropriate individualized care. 3 Types of positive behavior supports are: Prevention is a Redirection is a Positive reinforcement is a

Key Point Caregivers must have a solid _____________ of child development in relation to age divisions and be aware that all interactions with a child have an ______ on the child’s development and learning. It is important to be conscious of what the child is ________ while in your care. Behavioral Observation and Screening

Principles of Child Development
Development in young children occurs _______ and typically progresses in ______. Early childhood educators must recognize not only the existence of general stages and _________ of development, but also the enormous _________ that there is between children. It is quite normal for there to be variation in the patterns and timing of growth and development. Behavioral Observation and Screening

Key Point All children _______ at their own rates because each child is ______. Heredity and environment work together to make each child special and different from all others. Together, these factors account for the individual variations you see in children. Behavioral Observation and Screening

Skills are acquired in a _______ sequence
Skills are acquired in a _______ sequence. A sequence or pattern of development consists of ___________ steps along a developmental pathway that is common for the majority of children. A sequence of development is an important __________ that the child is moving steadily forward along a sound _____________ continuum.

Key Point Developmental ________ is rarely smooth and even. Irregularities, such as periods of stammering, characterize development. Periodic __________ is normal and should be expected. Behavioral Observation and Screening

Key Point _____ experiences and opportunities to ________ new skills are important. Behavioral Observation and Screening

Key Point ________ influences are important. The social setting and culture the child lives in __________ the ways the child grows and develops. Behavioral Observation and Screening

_______ is made up of all those factors in an environment that are ________ by the group as the norm. Culture includes _________, values, laws, beliefs, and ways of doing things, etc…

Developmental Domains
_______________: refers to the changes in body shape and proportion; changes in weight, height, head circumference, visual perception, etc _________________: refers to a child’s ability to move about & control various body parts; such as grasping, rolling over, sitting, etc. _________ Development & General _________: refers to the child’s intellectual or mental abilities; such as finding, procession & organizing information, and using it appropriately; interpreting, sorting, etc Behavioral Observation and Screening

Developmental Domains
________ & _____________: refers to a child’s ability to express himself verbally and to receive and understand the verbal communication of others; ability to learn vocabulary & grammar; reading, writing & the ability to construct an understanding of things around them. ______ & _________: focuses on how children feel about themselves & their relationships with others; refers to children’s individual behaviors and responses to play and work activities, attachments to parents & caregivers, & relationships with siblings & friends. ______________________: refers to how skills & knowledge are acquired through the three qualities of eagerness and curiosity; persistence; & creativity & problem-solving.

Age Divisions For the purpose of this course, we will talk about children using the same divisions as the Florida __________________ Performance Standards Birth to 8 months 8 to 18 months 18 to 24 months 24 to 36 months 3 year-olds (36 to 48 months) 4 year-olds (48 to 60 months) 5 year-olds (60 to 72 months) School-Agers (+5 years) Behavioral Observation and Screening

Age-level Expectancies
Age-level expectancies represent a _____ (rather than an exact point in time) when specific skills will be achieved. Age expectancies for specific skills should always be interpreted as approximate _________ in a range of months. It is ________ and not age that is the important factor in evaluating a child’s progress. Refer to Cognitive Dev & Gen Know Chart p 478 Behavioral Observation and Screening

Using Chart…what age? Laughs & shows pleasure at interaction
Digs through sand to find hidden toys Inspects own hands & feet Repeats words over & over Begins to smile as a social interaction Reaches out when wanting to be picked up.

Module 3: Observation and Screening Basics

Do’s Behavioral Observation and Screening

DO NOT’s

Does supervision of several 4 year olds in a child care classroom require the same type of attention as observing one 4 year old child for developmental progress? _____ Caring for a group of children & ________ a specific child during a screening are very __________ tasks that require different levels of care & attention. This is an __________ distinction to keep in mind when thinking about observation.

Penny Observation Front of Penny: Back of Penny:

Video: Observing Young Children: Learning to Look, Looking to Learn

Penny Observation Behavioral Observation and Screening

Key Point Participants should always make _____ during the observation process. Making notes before or after the ___________ process can compromise results. Behavioral Observation and Screening

Playdough Observation

Key Point Participants must be _________ in their observations. __________ information is open to interpretation and is not useful for describing behavior. Behavioral Observation and Screening

Do’s & Don’ts Do’s: Don’ts:

General Observational Guidelines for Caregivers
1. 2. 3. 4. Behavioral Observation and Screening

Tools for Recording Observations of Children
__________ _________________ _______________ All of these tools use written words or checklists to record the behaviors that have been observed. Behavioral Observation and Screening

__________ Are ____ tools to guide your observations and to record them. Can be standardized or can be developed by the teacher to ________ behaviors that are going to be observed & then to record the observations by checking the box that best _________ the behavior that has been observed. Example: Make eye contact with the pictures? Always Sometimes Never

_________ Records Short, _______ narrative descriptions of a child’s ________. Should be fact-based and should not include judgements. Example: “Jimmy, age 4, played in the library center today and selected a book. He sat with the book for 5 minutes turning the pages and looking at the pictures.”

_______ Records _______ to anecdotal records; during a specific period of time, the observer ______ everything the child does and says; especially helpful in looking at ______ behaviors. Example: 1:00 pm Jimmy sits in the library center 1:05 pm Jimmy picks “Polar Bear, Polar Bear” 1:07 pm Jimmy turns the book so the cover is facing him. 1:08 pm Jimmy opens the book & tells the story in his own words. 1:10 pm Jimmy puts the book on the shelf & goes to the block center.

Tools for Recording Observations of Children
Record only _____. Record every ______ – don’t leave out anything. Take _____ notes throughout the day, but fill in the details as soon as possible. Use ______ words that describe but do not judge. Record the _____ in the order they occur. These are DO’S! Behavioral Observation and Screening

Key Point Observing of children in _______ settings lets the observer report what the child is able to do in an environment that supports the child to _______ her best. Behavioral Observation and Screening

Observation Skills The observer must be totally _________. Make sure there is ______________ for the observation. Make sure that ____________ are kept to a minimum. Use an area that is ________ to the child. Make sure you build a relationship with the _____ and the _______. Do not try to observe more than _______ at a time. Do not influence the child’s _________ by your presence. Behavioral Observation and Screening

Screening Scenarios Q1. You are preparing to screen your favorite student. She is always happy. Her parents always pick her up on time. Her lunches from home are always nutritious. She always gets along with the other children. She even sleeps at nap time. Is there anything you need to be careful of during the screening?

Q2. You check the screening schedule and realize that you are two children behind. It is a slow day and you are fully staffed. You take those two children, plus the child scheduled for today into the office where you will not be disturbed. You knock out all three screenings in 20 minutes. Do you believe your results truly represent the children’s abilities? What are the problems with this observation?

Q3. A screening item asks the child to cut a piece of paper in half using safety scissors. You realize that you only have left-handed adult scissors, which are inappropriate for the task. Instead of endangering the child, you mark on the checklist that the child is “not yet able” to perform the task. What kinds of problems are there with this decision?

Q4. There is a new child in your child care program
Q4. There is a new child in your child care program. He started two days ago. He is shy and stands near the wall a lot, especially when adults are around. Right before lunch, you begin a screening and find that he did not perform well at all. What kinds of mistakes were made in this screening?

________ Observation _____ Observation
Allows you to interact with children directly and ask them to do certain things. _____ Observation You do not hide the fact that you are observing a child’s actions.

___________ Observation
The observer is concealed behind a screen or a 2-way mirror and does not interact with the child. ______ Observation When the children are not told that they are being observed.

Key Point The ___ major developmental domains are: ________ Health, _____ Development, _________ Development & General Knowledge, ________ & Communication, Approaches to Learning, and _______ & Emotional. Behavioral Observation and Screening

Behavior-Dev Domain _______ _______ & ____________ ________
Child not able to balance on one foot Child played alone during outdoor activities for 4 days in a row. Child was able to tell you what snack he was eating _______ _______ & ____________ ________

Behavior-Dev Domain ________ __________ to ________
Child able to identify the colors red, yellow, blue. Child has a healthy appetite. Child able to stay on task while learning a new skill. ________ __________ to ________

Key Point _________ means an instrument intended to ________ and monitor normal development or possible developmental _____. Screening programs are not __________, and are not based on whether a child has passed a certain curriculum. Behavioral Observation and Screening

Developmental Screening
The _________ process can not confirm a disability. Screening helps to ________ children that could benefit from early childhood intervention programs. Most screening instruments are _______ into the categories of physical, cognitive, language, and social/emotional. The social/_________ developmental domain is more difficult to test. Important because they indicate possible ______ and identify children who may _______ from early ____________. Behavioral Observation and Screening

Considerations When Choosing a Screening Instrument
The screening instrument should _______ a comfortable and positive experience for the child. The screening instrument should have a report on the ___________ and validity of the data. The screening instrument should provide score data from a tested population that is used to _______ against the results of the children in your care. When choosing the screening instrument ____ is an important consideration. ______ minutes is the standard amount of time for a preschool child. Behavioral Observation and Screening

Choosing instrument cont
Consider the ____ of the instrument. The instrument should be effective and affordable. Choose an instrument that is designed to test children ___ at a time, not in ______. The person that ________ the screening should have an understanding of the screening process and some __________ in child growth and development. Consider your ________ process. The results of the screening should be useful to the specialist who performs the assessment.

Module 4: Screening Instruments

The main purpose of any good screening tool is to identify children who are in need of further evaluation to determine whether they are candidates for _________________________. However, useful screening tools need to do more than just describe behaviors. A useful first-level screening program should be practical for assessing large numbers of children, and do so: __________ Behavioral Observation and Screening

Key Point The Florida Legislature has mandated ________ for developmental delays but has not mandated the use of any specific instrument. Child care providers are encouraged to use whichever __________ _____ works best for them. Behavioral Observation and Screening

Types of Screening Tools Used to Identify Learning Issues with Young Children
______________ screening instruments: focus on observation & provide initial information that can facilitate learning. ___________ screenings: measure knowledge or skills a child has learned. Social-emotional/__________ screenings: brief screenings that target social-emotional issues.

Types of Tools cont. __________ screenings: brief achievement type screenings geared to screen whether a child is ready to benefit from a specific program. _____________ assessments: assessments based on children’s work in the classroom focused on measuring a child’s performance.

Types of Tools cont. ______ or Multi-domain: screening focuses on a single or several domains. (Brigance Diag Inv of Ear Dev) ______ Completed assessment: parents write a narrative of their child’s skills as they have observed them, & then child care providers convert this info into measurable information.(Ages & Stages) ____________/Norm Referenced: child compared to others who are similar to him in age & level of dev. (Battelle Dev Inv) ____________: a child’s emotional state in a variety of situations is tested clinically.

Examples of Screening Instruments
Four popular instruments used in child care environments: The ____ & ______ Questionnaire (ASQ); ________ Screens; the ________ Developmental Inventory Screening Test; and the ______ __________ Inventory-Revised (ESI-R).

Ages & Stages Questionnaire (ASQ)
Categories: Standardized/Norm Referenced, Parent Assessment, Multi-Domain Ages: ________________________ ___-cost, reliable way to screen infants & young children for developmental delays during the __________. Takes only about minutes, covers 5 key developmental areas:communication, gross motor, fine motor, problem solving, & personal/social.

Battelle Developmental Inventory (BDI-2)
Categories: Standardized-Norm Referenced, Multi-Domain Ages:________________________ Purpose is “screening, diagnosis, & evaluation of early development and measures the following areas: personal-social, adaptive, _____, communication, & _________ ability.” Takes minutes for screening, 1-2 hours for complete inventory.

Brigance Screens Categories: Standardized-Norm Referenced, Multi-Domain Ages:_______________________ Uses 9 separate forms, approx one for each 12 month age range; tap ______-language & general knowledge, & for the youngest age group, ______-emotional skills; the K & I screens measure reading and math skills.

Early Screening Inventory-Revised (ESI-R)
Categories: Standardized-Norm Tested Ages:______________ Brief developmental screening; available for two age groups-_________ and kindergarten; includes _______ questionnaire.

Dynamic Indicators of Basic Early Literacy Skills (DIBELS)
Categories: Standardized/Norm Tested Ages:___________________ Designed to be short (one minute) _________ measures used to regularly monitor the development of ___________ and early reading skills.

The Florida School Readiness Uniform Screening System (SRUSS)
Collection of screening tools chosen by _________ To obtain information about all children entering _______ school. Administered within the first ________ of each school year

Instruments that are not standardized or norm-referenced may not be _________ indicators of dev delays, learning challenges or disability. Sound screening tools are: • ________ Behavioral Observation and Screening

Common Elements of Screening Instruments
A ______________ system for tracking the individual children as they progress through the program; ___________ sheets where you record the child’s name, parents’ names, the child’s age at the time of the screening, name of the screener and their relationship to the child (parent, child care provider, nurse, doctor); A series of _________ you answer reflecting the child’s abilities; ________ sheets on which you record the child’s actions and responses; ______________ scale for locating the child’s data in relation to the norms of other children their age; ___________ guide to help with the screening results (continue screening at next interval, referral). Behavioral Observation and Screening

Key Point There are many _________ tools available. A child care program’s style, staffing, approach to learning, _________ and level of parental involvement are all important factors in choosing an instrument. Behavioral Observation and Screening

Key Point __________ used for observation and screening activities must match the age of the child being screened. Behavioral Observation and Screening

________ Age When using a screening instrument, we need to make adjustments for children under the age of 2 who were born premature. We call this calculation a child’s adjusted age. To calculate: _____________ Age - # of weeks _________ Adjusted Age Behavioral Observation and Screening

Using a Screening Tool.

Key Point Many items in specific _______ are representative of children’s skills at specific ages. Observers use common sense, avoid literal ____________, and occasionally make substitutions when tools mention a ________ tool or toy. Behavioral Observation and Screening

Module 5: Screening Procedures

Involving ________ Amount of ________ involvement is dependent on the type of instrument you are using. Important to engage parents: parents must give __________; have information to share on child’s ________ at home & other settings; key in appropriate resources if further __________ is needed.

Key Point It is important to involve ________ as full partners in the ___________ observation and screening process. Behavioral Observation and Screening

Four Basic Tasks _________: Planning the process you will use, identifying how you will engage parents and at what points in the process, obtaining the materials if any are needed, developing forms. ___________: Identifying the time and location for the activity, scheduling staff or substitutes if the activity requires 1:1 attention to an individual child. __________: Obtaining permission from parents, conducting the activity, recording the activity, scoring the activity if appropriate, working with parents. _______________: Talking with parents, beginning to identify the next steps. Behavioral Observation and Screening

Key Point The four basic tasks involved in __________ and maintaining a successful __________ observation and screening process are: organizing, scheduling, executing and follow through. Behavioral Observation and Screening

Identifying __________ that Work
____________ with Parents: gain support & permission Planning and __________ Screening Activities: basic info from enrollment form; keeping records in child’s folder Initial ________-through: let parents see copy of screening tool; what’s next? Behavioral Observation and Screening

Key Point Obtaining parental __________ to screen is the first step of any observation and screening activity. Obtaining this ___________ should be built into the enrollment process. Behavioral Observation and Screening

Key Point It is important to ___________ the results of the __________ activity with the parents and to help parents identify the appropriate next step. Behavioral Observation and Screening

Module 6: Referral Process and Resources

Next Steps Remember, child care professionals screen children. We do NOT ________ children. Child care professionals share their ____________ and screening with families for further evaluation by other professionals. Trained professionals will complete formal assessments and make a diagnosis, NOT child care professionals. ____________ your scoring. Behavioral Observation and Screening

Key Point _____________ to screen a child does not give you permission to make a ________ or to share the results of the screening with another professional outside your organization without the parent’s permission. Behavioral Observation and Screening

Communicating Screening Results with Parents
________ a specific time to discuss results & concerns with parents. Explain that the screening identified some concerns about the child’s ______________ & further assessment is in order. Explain you are using a “__________” screening tool. Show where child did well; _______ strengths ________ scores & ask for confirmation of your observations; do they see same at home?

Use understandable ___________; be prepared to explain some technical terms.
Inform them that for preschool age children, further __________ is available at no cost to the family. _______ that within your program the results will be kept ____________. Talk about any other concerns you have. ______ all the questions you can. Request __________ to contact a service provider or local agency. Ask parent to sign a release of information form, to give info to another agency.

Key Point _____________ with parents is important. You must be clear about the need for assessment and its ________ to the child. Behavioral Observation and Screening

Talking to Local Service Providers
_________ the parents to make the first call to service providers. If the parent wants you to make the contact, be sure you have obtained parental permission. You may also be asked to ___________ in any subsequent evaluations You may be asked to make your program center available for visits from various __________.

Key Point It is a best ________ to encourage parents to make the _____ call to the service-providing agency. Behavioral Observation and Screening

Referral Resources (be familiar with these programs)
EIP(________________________________________________) FDLRS/Child Find (_____________ ________________________) For Children Less than 3 years old (_________________________) For Children Older than 3 years old (_________________________)

Key Point Follow-up __________ services are available to all Florida children, when indicated by observation and screening through the _____ ____________ Program operated by the Florida Department of Health and the Florida Diagnostic and Learning Resources System. The specific providers differ from region to region so you must identify referral sources in your local area. Behavioral Observation and Screening

Behavioral Observation and Screening in Child Care

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