1. The Water Cycle 1 Marco Bruni, seecon international gmbh

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3. The Water Cycle Find this presentation and more on: www.ssswm.info.www.ssswm.info Contents 1.Water – Essential for Life 2.The global Water Cycle 3.Freshwater Resources 4.Freshwater Distribution 5.Human Influence on the Water Cycle 6.Water Uses 7.Consequences of Water Use 8.Outlook 9.References 3

4. The Water Cycle Find this presentation and more on: www.ssswm.info.www.ssswm.info The blue Planet – How come we lack of sufficient Water Supply? 4 1. Water – Essential for Life ??? Source: http://omiusajpic.org/files/2011/05/2935018067_cec6254493.jpg [Accessed: 30.01.2012] http://omiusajpic.org/files/2011/05/2935018067_cec6254493.jpg Source: http://true101story.com/wp- content/uploads/2010/04/eath-hands.jpg [Accessed: 30.01.2012]http://true101story.com/wp- content/uploads/2010/04/eath-hands.jpg

5. The Water Cycle Find this presentation and more on: www.ssswm.info.www.ssswm.info What is Water Used For? 5 1. Water – Essential for Life Agricultural Irrigation Livestock farming Industrial Production of goods and energy Transportation of goods Process water Domestic Drinking water Food preparation Sanitation Personal hygiene Cultural asset Gardening, Car wash ECOSYSTEM HUMAN USE Plants Animals Photosynthesis Soils Aquatic Systems

6. The Water Cycle Find this presentation and more on: www.ssswm.info.www.ssswm.info Think in Cycles rather than in linear Processes 6 2. The Global Water Cycle The energy of the sun constantly transforms the water from solid (ice) to liquid (water) to gaseous (vapour) Constant transformation puts the water into motion and hence activates the global water cycle Characteristics of the cycle:  Permanent circulation  Renewable resource Source: OWENS (2006)

7. The Water Cycle Find this presentation and more on: www.ssswm.info.www.ssswm.info The blue Planet? 70% of the earth’s surface is covered by water. (PIDWIRNY 2006) 2.5% is freshwater whereas a fifth is easily accessible for human use. (INFORESOURCES FOCUS 2006)  only 0.5% of global water resources are usable 7 3. Freshwater Resources Source: WBCSD (2009)

8. The Water Cycle Find this presentation and more on: www.ssswm.info.www.ssswm.info Distribution of freshwater resources is characterized by strong regional differences annual and seasonal variation (WWAP 2003) Water Scarcity Index Disparities 8 4. Freshwater Distribution Source: REKACEWICZ (2009)

9. The Water Cycle Find this presentation and more on: www.ssswm.info.www.ssswm.info We do influence the hydrological Cycle substantially Main drivers for the increasing pressure on water resources: Population growth Increasing living standards Urbanisation Influences On the Water Cycle in Cities 9 5. Human Influence on the Water Cycle Source: AUCKLAND CITY COUNCIL (2010)

10. The Water Cycle Find this presentation and more on: www.ssswm.info.www.ssswm.info Where the Water ends up being used The consumption pattern of water use is influenced by: Living standards Climate conditions Composition of water use in different countries 10 6. Water Uses Source: WBCSD (2009)

11. The Water Cycle Find this presentation and more on: www.ssswm.info.www.ssswm.info Increasing Water Scarcity 11 7. Consequences of Water Use Drivers: Population growth Change in living standards Uncontrolled pollution Climate change Growing water scarcity in various regions of the world As of today, 1.2 billion of the world’s population are affected by water scarcity (INFORESOURCES FOCUS 2006) (WBCSD 2009)

12. The Water Cycle Find this presentation and more on: www.ssswm.info.www.ssswm.info Integrated Thinking makes all the Difference 12 8. Outlook Water scarcity due to: Unsustainable use Sectoral thinking Mismanagement Absence of water governance Results in: Water scarcity Water related diseases Food crisis Degraded environments Natural hazards Particularly, poor people are most affected.

13. The Water Cycle Find this presentation and more on: www.ssswm.info.www.ssswm.info Integrated Thinking makes all the Difference 13 8. Outlook Water scarcity due to: Unsustainable use Sectoral thinking Mismanagement Absence of water governance Results in: Water scarcity Water related diseases Food crisis Degraded environments Natural hazards Particularly, poor people are most affected. Need for an integrated, holistic approach.  Link sustainable water management to sanitation and to agriculture.

14. The Water Cycle Find this presentation and more on: www.ssswm.info.www.ssswm.info Integrated, holistic Approach 14 8. Outlook Source: sswm.info

15. The Water Cycle Find this presentation and more on: www.ssswm.info.www.ssswm.info AUCKLAND CITY COUNCIL (Editor) (2010): Stormwater. Auckland (New Zealand): Auckland City Council. URL [Accessed: 25.01.2012]. INFORESOURCES FOCUS (Editor) (2006): Water for Food – a Matter of Survival. Inforesources Focus. http://www.inforesources.ch/pdf/focus06_3_e.pdf [Accessed: 25.01.2012]. http://www.inforesources.ch/pdf/focus06_3_e.pdf OWENS, M. (2006): The Global Water Cycle has Intensified. Reston: U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). URL [Accessed: 25.01.2012]. PIDWIRNY, M. (2006): Fundamentals of Physical Geography (2nd Edition). Okanagan: University of British Columbia. http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/7h.html [Accessed: 25.01.2012]. http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/7h.html REKACEWICZ, P. (2009): Water Scarcity Index. In: UNEP/GRID-Arendal Maps and Graphics Library. http://maps.grida.no/go/graphic/water-scarcity-index [Accessed: 25.01.2012]. http://maps.grida.no/go/graphic/water-scarcity-index WBCSD (Editor) (2009): Facts and Trends. Water (Version 2). Geneva: World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBDSC). http://www.wbcsd.org/home.aspx [Accessed: 25.01.2012].http://www.wbcsd.org/home.aspx WORLD WATER ASSESSMENT PROGRAMME WWAP (Editor) (2003): Water for people – water for life. Executive Summary of the United Nations World Water Development Report 1: Water for people – water for life. Paris and Oxford: UNESCO and Berghahn Books. http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0012/001295/129556e.pdf [Accessed: 25.01.2012].http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0012/001295/129556e.pdf 15 9. References

16. The Water Cycle 16 “Linking up Sustainable Sanitation, Water Management & Agriculture” SSWM is an initiative supported by: Created by: