1. The Digestive System

2. How is food digested? Digestion involves:
Breaking down of food into smaller pieces
The mixing of food
Movement through the digestive tract
Chemical breakdown of the large molecules of food into smaller molecules.
Question: What are Carbohydrates, proteins and fats broken down or digested into?
Answer: Carbohydrates = Glucose
Proteins = Amino Acids or AA
Fats = fatty acids and glycerol

3. Describe the digestive system
The digestive tract is a series of hollow organs joined in a tube from the mouth to the anus. Food passes through the digestive tract.
Question: Which organs make up the digestive system?
Answer:
Liver
Gall bladder
Pancreas
Food does not pass through these organs.

4. Identify the organs of the digestive system

6. Identify and tell the function of each part of the digestive system
Mouth
Teeth bite off and chew food into
a soft pulp that is easy to swallow.
Chewing mixes the food with saliva, from salivary glands around the mouth and face, to make it moist and easy to swallow.

7. Identify and tell the function of each part of the digestive system
Mouth
Enzymes in the saliva begin digestion of ?
Answer: Carbohydrates, such as an apple
Food is chewed up into small pieces called?
Answer: Bolus

8. Identify and tell the function of each part of the digestive system
Esophagus
The esophagus is a muscular tube. It moves food from the throat and down into the stomach.
How long does it take for food to travel to the stomach?
Answer: About 5 seconds
The esophagus moves food by waves of muscle contractions called?
Answer: Peristalsis

9. Identify and tell the function of each part of the digestive system
Stomach
The stomach has thick muscles in its wall. These contract to mash the food into a paste called?
Answer: Chyme
Question: What kind of muscle is found in the stomach?
Answer: Smooth muscle
The stomach lining produces strong digestive juices
These create chemical reactions in the stomach, breaking down and dissolving its nutrients.

10. Identify and tell the function of each part of the digestive system
Stomach
Question: What is the name of the acid
found in the stomach?
Answer: Hydrochloric acid or HCL
Question: Which chemicals help break food
down into its nutrients?
Answer: Special proteins called ENZYMES

11. Identify and tell the function of each part of the digestive system
Small Intestine
This part of the digestive tract is narrow, but very long. How long?
Answer: About 20 feet
Enzymes continue the chemical reactions on the food.

12. Identify and tell the function of each part of the digestive system
Small Intestine
The nutrients are broken down small enough to pass through the lining of the small intestine, and into the blood (diffusion).
Question: What is the name of
the structures where nutrients pass into the
bloodstream?
Answer: VILLI
Nutrients are carried away to the liver and other body parts to be processed, stored and distributed.

14. Identify and tell the function of each part of the digestive system
Pancreas The pancreas, like the stomach, makes digestive juices called enzymes which help to digest food further as it enters the small intestine
Question: What is the name of the enzyme that helps regulate blood sugar?
Answer: INSULIN

15. Identify and tell the function of each part of the digestive system
Liver “Love Your Liver”!!!
Blood from the small intestine
enters the liver, carrying
nutrients, vitamins and minerals, and other products from digestion.
The liver has at least …………… functions
Answer: 200

16. Question: Name some of the important jobs of the liver??
Produces bile which breaks down fat
Converts glucose to glycogen
Make certain amino acids
Filters harmful substances from the blood (such as alcohol and drugs)
Stores vitamins and minerals (vitamins A, D, K and B12)
Maintains a proper level of glucose in the blood.
Is responsible for producing cholesterol.
It produces about 80% of the cholesterol in your body.

17. Identify and tell the function of each part of the digestive system
Gall Bladder
A small baglike part
under the liver.
It stores a fluid called ………………, which is made in the liver.
Answer: BILE

18. Identify and tell the function of each part of the digestive system
Gall Bladder
As food from a meal enters the small intestine, bile flows from the gall bladder along the bile duct into the small intestine.
It helps to digest fatty foods and also contains wastes for removal.

19. Identify and tell the function of each part of the digestive system
Large Intestine
Useful substances that were not absorbed in the small intestine, such as spare water and body minerals, are absorbed through the walls of the large intestine, back into the blood.
Question: What is another name for the large
intestine?
Answer: COLON

20. Symptoms of COLON CANCER Abdominal pain and tenderness in the lower abdomen Blood in the stool Diarrhea, constipation, or other change in bowel habits Intestinal obstruction Narrow stools Unexplained anemia Weight loss with no known reason

21. Identify and tell the function of each part of the digestive system
Rectum and Anus
The end of the large intestine and
the next part of the tract, the rectum,
store the feces.
Feces are finally squeezed through a ring of muscle, the anus, and out of the body.

22. Diseases of the Digestive Tract
Ulcers – caused by H. pylori
Cancer – high fat diets and chemicals in food
Irritable bowel syndrome - ? Stress, diet
Crohn’s disease – autoimmune problem
Cystic fibrosis – hereditary disease, defect in digestive enzymes/proteins for fats

23. For more information about the digestive system, click here: