1. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. 5.3 End of Reconstruction Explain why Reconstruction ended. Evaluate the successes and failures of Reconstruction. Objectives

2. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Corruption throughout the North and South became a pressing issue. Financial crisis and people’s worry about the continued cost of military operations in the South eroded the reach of Reconstruction. In addition, a series of Supreme Court decisions gave the federal government less control over the South and ate away at the few protections African Americans had gained. How and why did Reconstruction end? By 1872, matters other than Reconstruction drew the nation’s attention. Immigration increased in the North and West. Corruption and intrigue had become part of local and national politics. In 1873, the economy of the North became unstable when national banks failed.

3. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Two-term President Grant was popular, but his administrations were marred by scandal. National scandals Grant’s Vice President was involved in a scheme to steal profits from the railroads. Members of Grant’s administration were suspected of corruption. Local scandals Politician William “Boss” Tweed and the “Tweed Ring” stole money from New York City’s treasury. Many city officials sold contracts to their friends across the country.

4. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Economic uncertainty in the 1870s eroded the North’s resolve to sustain Reconstruction. In 1873, one of the nation’s most influential banks failed. The bank had overextended loans to the railroad industry. A loss of jobs, bank failures, and economic depression in the North followed. Radical Republicans lost power. Military operations in the South became too expensive. Starting in 1871, federal troops were withdrawn from the South. In 1872, the Freedman’s Bureau was dissolved. Radical Republican leader, Charles Sumner died in 1874. Radical Republicans’ failure to convict President Andrew Johnson during his impeachment trial signaled the beginning of the end. The End of Reconstruction

5. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Slaughterhouse Cases: Supreme Court decisions gave more power to the states. The Court restricted the scope of the Fourteenth Amendment. 1873: A citizen has certain national rights, but it was up to the state to choose how to define the rights for those who lived there. 1876: Due process and equal protection clauses protected citizens only from the actions of the state, not from other citizens.

6. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. As the states gained more rights, southern whites worked to reduce the rights of African Americans. Southern Democrats created a coalition of Redeemers who worked together to “redeem,” or reclaim, the South from northerners and blacks. The Klan used violence. The courts used legal interpretation. Redeemer – term for a white southern Democrat who returned to power after 1870

7. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. In the election of 1876, Democratic candidate Tilden received 51 percent of the vote. Republicans claimed votes had been miscounted. Rutherford B. Hayes – became President through the contested election of 1876

8. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. By balancing the needs of the North and the South, Congress’ compromise marked the end of Reconstruction. Congress resolved the disputed election of 1876 with the Compromise of 1877. Rutherford B. Hayes became President. Remaining federal troops were withdrawn from the South. A southerner was appointed to a powerful cabinet position. Southern states were guaranteed federal subsidies to build railroads and improve their ports. Compromise of 1877 – resolved the contested presidential election of 1876 by giving Hayes the presidency in return for withdrawing the remaining federal troops from the South

9. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. *The effects of Reconstruction changed life for many in the South and the rest of the nation. For everyone tax-supported school system modernized railroads increased variety of the South’s crops For African Americans gave African Americans some opportunities reunited black families provided educational opportunities For women no voting rights The Civil War affected the balance of power between the federal government and the states.

10. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. The Civil War had a lasting effect on state and national politics. Democratic Party became the party of industrial workers came to dominate the white South Republican Party became known as the party of Lincoln associated with freeing the slaves became the party of big business

11. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Political Cartoons Questionnaire : 1. Briefly summarize the topic/issue. Identify people, animals, or objects. 2. Who are the people, events, or institutions involved in this topic? 3. What do you see as the different viewpoints or positions forming around this topic or issue? 4. What opinion do you have on this issue? 5. What is the cartoonist ’ s position?

12. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. -Know 2 successes & 2 failures of Reconstruction -Compromise of 1877?-Freedmen’s Bureau -Carpetbaggers -Wade-Davis Bill-Civil Rights Act of 1866-black codes -Radical Republicans-14th Amendment -15th Amendment -Scalawags-tenant farming-Ku Klux Klan Enforcement Acts –Redeemers -Compromise of 1877 -why was reconstruction needed? -What did Lincoln think about reinstating the Southern states? -10% plan required what?-Slaughterhouse cases ruled what? -did radical republicans accept 10%plan? Why/why not? -South became mainly what political party? -public schools=success of Reconstruction- sharecropping -used violence to terrorize freed slaves? -segregation & integration