1. The development of Precise GPS Positioning

2.  What is Precise GPS Positioning?  Carrier-phase measurement  Relative positioning

3.  Ambiguity Resolution: The process to convert ambiguity-free to ambiguity-fixed. What about the ‘dead time’?

4. Single-epoch AR & single- epoch/cm-level (‘carrier range’) GPS positioning is a very powerful technique, which when carried out in real-time.

5.  The baseline issue  Distance-dependent biases grows  Reliable ambiguity resolution

6.  Decimeter-level positioning accuracy has been possible even when the baseline has been up to hundreds of kilometers in length via, e.g. the implementation of network GPS carrier phase-based positioning techniques.

7. Victoria’s GPSnet (http://www.land.vic.gov.au/gpsnet)

8.  Instrumentation Developments  Dual-frequency GPS receivers, measuring CPH and PR  Advances in receiver electronics, antennas and data processing algorithms  Improved multipath mitigation within the GPS receivers/antennas  Use GLONASS as a complementary system

9. The development for precise GPS positioning main in receiver hardware, operational procedures, the Internet and mobile communications and the combination of GPS with GLONASS, the development of the Galileo system.

10. Rizos,C 2001, Precise Satellite Positioning: Challenges and Prospects, accessed 20 May 2011, http://www.gmat.unsw.edu.au/snap/work/conf_pdf_folder/n tu'99_cr1/ntu99_cr1.pdf http://www.gmat.unsw.edu.au/snap/work/conf_pdf_folder/n tu'99_cr1/ntu99_cr1.pdf Rizos,C 2011, Principle of GPS, UNSW, accessed 1 April 2011, http://www.gmat.unsw.edu.au/gmat4900 Wang, JL 2010, Precise GPS Positioning, UNSW, accessed 26 September 2010, http://www.gmat.unsw.edu.au/wang/gmat3700/home.htm http://www.gmat.unsw.edu.au/wang/gmat3700/home.htm Wang,JL 2011, Principle of Geo-Positioning, accessed 2 May 2011, http://www.gmat.unsw.edu.au/wang/gmat9205/home.htm