1. Water Services Trust Fund How to use, empty and dispose content of a UDDT 8/30/20151

2. What is UDDT? 8/30/2015 Understanding the type of toilets to be emptied

3. What is UDDT? 8/30/2015 A urine -diverting dry toilet (UDDT) or a dry toilet is a simple, low-cost, on-site toilet that functions without water and has a divider so that the user, with little effort, can divert the urine away from the faeces. Faeces vault 1 Urine section 1 Faeces vault 2

4. How is a UDDT used? 8/30/20154 Every long call visit should be accompanied by pouring ash into the vault Vaults are the section of the toilets where the faeces are stored Pouring of ash on the faeces allows it to dry fast and raises the PH level which kills most of the disease producing agents (pathogens) found in faeces Therefore ash always has to be available in the toilet Vault 1 Vault 2

5. UDDTs use 8/30/20155 How to use a UDDT may not be obvious to some users. Users may be hesitant to use it because they don’t know how to separate the urine and the faeces Education is essential in achieving acceptance Posters will be available in all the dry toilets

6. Common mistakes that are made when using a UDDT 8/30/20156 Careless pouring of ash in the urine hole which can block the urine pipe Dumping solid waste such as sanitary towels and diapers (non- biodegradable items) into the faeces chamber. Defecating in the urine hole which blocks the urine pipe (a mistake mostly made by children) Blocked urine pipe

7. Common mistakes 8/30/20157 Urinating in the faeces chamber. A mistake mostly made by children and men Anal cleansing water directed to the faeces chamber Bathing inside the toilet

8. How should a UDDT be used? 8/30/20158 Lift the lid of the big hole (faeces chamber). This lid has a handle which indicates that it is in use The lid without a handle is not in use Once you lift the lid with the handle, squat on top of the big hole After use, dispose the used tissue or paper in the big hole

9. How should a UDDT be used? 8/30/20159 Put a scoop or a cupful of ash into the big hole ONLY, no ash should spill on the urine hole/section to avoid blockage Replace the lid once you have finished Please ensure that you aim at the urine hole whilst urinating. Do not urinate in the big hole. Wash your hands with soap and water! Ash bucket. Ash should be poured in the faeces hole after every long call

10. How should children use the UDDT? (1) 8/30/201510 It is the responsibility of the adults to ensure that their children use the toilet properly If the child is still using a potty, ensure that you deposit the faeces in the big hole that has a lid with a handle If the child is not using a potty, place the child on the urine separating toilet seat (if available)

11. How should children use the UDDT? (2) 8/30/201511 If there is no urine diversion seat for children, assist the child to squat of the UDDT plate to ensure that they aim for the urine hole and faeces hole. Dispose used tissue in the big hole after use (no diapers should go to the big hole but in the dustbin) Wash hands with soap and water after using the toilet

12. Once the vault is full, what happens? (1) 8/30/201512 Once the vault is full, the users are requested to cover it with the lid that has no handle. This indicates that it is currently not in use The users are taught to ensure that the lid is tight so that it is not opened by mistake! No one is allowed to use the full vault during the treatment period

13. Once the vault is full, what happens? (2) 8/30/201513 The users ensure that the full vault has enough ash for drying and leave it to compost for a minimum period of 6 months. The longer it stays the better and safer the quality will be for reuse the vault may be opened from time to time by the users to monitor the process If some sections require a little bit more ash, we advise the users to add the ash

14. Once the vault is full, what happens? (3) 8/30/201514 More ash can be added and mixed in with a spade so that it may dry uniformly. This can be done also when the Sanitatin Teams begin emptying the vaults Wash your hands with soap and water after you have handled the contents of the vaults

15. How does the content of the vault look like? 8/30/201515

16. Any risks faced during the emptying of the vaults? 8/30/201516 Possibility of helminth eggs (worms) transmission since they take a longer time to die off even in hot tropical climates Ensure that wear your protective equipment (PPEs)and wash your hands with soap and water after emptying

17. Any risks faced during the emptying of the vaults? 8/30/201517 Use a shovel and the SaniGo for transporting the UDDT matter. After treatment, the dried matter can be used as a soil conditioner in tree crops and flowers. If the above is not possible, it can be buried under at least 25 cm on the ground or taken to the decentralised treatment plant (DTF) Transportation and Dispoal will be demonstrated during the practical day of this training

18. What are the risks during disposal? 8/30/201518 Risks are there if it is removed before the six month period (physical observation: before complete decomposition has taken place). The emptiers should always wear protective equipment such as gloves and boots to empty the vaults. The dehydrated faeces should only be taken to the decentralised treatment facilities (DTF)

19. What are the risks during potential reuse? 8/30/201519 Trees that grow high up are more secure such as bananas, oranges mangoes, maize and millet The dried faeces should be worked into the soil rather than distributed into the surface Application of treated faeces is safest when applied to fruit trees rather than vegetables or root crops.

20. What are the risks during potential reuse? 8/30/201520 If plastics such as sanitary pads have been thrown in the faeces vaults, the vault contents need to be sieved or screened prior to agricultural reuse.

21. Faeces is a resource! 8/30/201521 Treated faeces have a high content of organic matter which acts as a good conditioner. It contains nitrogen, potassium, and phosphorous and other micronutrients. If ash has been used, it provides an additional source of potassium!