1. © Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 7-1 Chapter 7 The Internet and the World Wide Web Chapter 7 The Internet and the World Wide Web

2. © Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 7-2 Presentation Overview The Internet: A Global Network Connecting to the Internet Navigating the Internet Viewing Web Pages Searching for Information on the Internet Using Newer Internet Applications Respecting the Internet Community

3. © Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 7-3 The Internet: A Global Network How does the Internet create a global community? The Internet is the largest computer network in the world. It can be used for Communications Entertainment Electronic commerce Research Distance learning

4. © Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 7-4 The Internet: A Global Network Communications –Today, electronic mail (e-mail) is the most widely used Internet application. –It allows users to create, send, receive, save, and forward messages in electronic form.

5. © Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 7-5 The Internet: A Global Network Communications –A chat room is an application that allows users to chat in real-time dialogue. –People can also have one-on-one real-time conversations through instant messaging. –A blog is a frequently updated journal containing chronological entries of personal thoughts and links posted on a Web page.

6. © Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 7-6 The Internet: A Global Network Communications –In recent years, social networking services have become very popular, allowing users to create their own personal Web spaces and interact socially. –A message board, or forum, is an electronically stored list of messages that anyone with access to the board can read.

7. © Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 7-7 The Internet: A Global Network Communications –Many people now work from home, using a computer, modem, and telephone line. This is known as telecommuting. –Sites such as YouTube offer free video streaming. –Users can also communicate by transferring files to and from computer systems using File Transfer Protocol (FTP).

8. © Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 7-8 The Internet: A Global Network Comparison of E-mail, Cell Phone, and IM Usage in the United States

9. © Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 7-9 The Internet: A Global Network Entertainment –There are an enormous amount of online games available—some are free and some require a purchase. –Virtual casinos offer online gambling, a novel and controversial entertainment feature. –Online services allow users to download music and video.

10. © Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 7-10 The Internet: A Global Network Electronic Commerce –The Internet exchange of business information, products, services, and payments is known as electronic commerce. –It is commonly divided into two categories: Business-to-consumer (B2C) Business-to-business (B2B)

11. © Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 7-11 The Internet: A Global Network Retail Sales: Total and Online in 2008

12. © Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 7-12 The Internet: A Global Network Research –The Internet gives users interested in any topic access to books, periodicals, photos, video, and sound files from around the world. –These materials can be read online or downloaded for future use.

13. © Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 7-13 The Internet: A Global Network Distance Learning –The back and forth electronic transfer of information and course materials between learning institutions and students is known as distance learning. –A course presented in this manner is called an online course.

14. © Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 7-14 Connecting to the Internet What resources are needed to connect to the Internet? –Computer, PDA, or smartphone –Network card, digital subscriber line (DSL), or modem –Network, telephone line, or cable connection –Web browser –Account with an Internet service provider (ISP) or value added network (VAN)

15. © Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 7-15 Connecting to the Internet Types of Internet Connections –Dial-up access allows access to the Internet over a standard telephone line. –Local area network Internet connections connect users to the Internet on a direct wire. –Broadband Internet access is provided by cable companies.

16. © Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 7-16 Connecting to the Internet Types of Internet Connections –Wireless is the fastest growing segment of Internet service; it provides access through radio waves. –Satellite requires a satellite dish and a modem to connect to the Internet.

17. © Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 7-17 Connecting to the Internet Comparison of Internet Connection Speeds

18. © Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 7-18 Navigating the Internet What capabilities do Web browsers offer? –Automatic identification and connection to any local port providing a connection to the Internet –HTML code viewing –Java applet support –Easy-to-use interfaces that allow for control commands such as a favorites list, a stop access button, and a go-back button

19. © Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 7-19 Navigating the Internet An Internet Protocol (IP) address is a four- group series of numbers separated by periods representing a server on the Internet.

20. © Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 7-20 Navigating the Internet A Uniform (or Universal) Resource Locator is a pathname describing where information can be found on Internet. The parts of a URL are –The communications protocol (HTTP) –Format information (www) –Domain name (Amazon) –Domain suffix (.com)

21. © Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 7-21 Navigating the Internet Common Domain Suffixes Used in URLs

22. © Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 7-22 Navigating the Internet Country Name Abbreviations in URLs

23. © Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 7-23 Navigating the Internet The Path of a URL A URL directs routers and servers to display the specific Web page identified by the URL.

24. © Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 7-24 Navigating the Internet Packet Switching Messages sent over the Internet are broken into separate files, or packets, and then are reassembled at the destination.

25. © Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 7-25 Viewing Web Pages A Web page is the term for a single document viewable on the World Wide Web. A Web site comprises all of the Web pages composing the site. The home page is an overview of the information contained within the site. A portal is a site that acts as a gateway to access a variety of information.

26. © Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 7-26 Viewing Web Pages Web pages are created using a programming language called Hypertext Markup Language (HTML). –A markup language is a set of specifications describing the characteristics of elements that appear on a page. –A hypertext document presents information enhanced with links to other documents.

27. © Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 7-27 Viewing Web Pages HTML tags are located within angle brackets. The text in between the tags is content that visitor using a Web browser will view.

28. © Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 7-28 Viewing Web Pages An new and improved Web language called Extensible Markup Language (XML) is becoming increasingly popular. –XML organizes and standardizes the structure of data so that computers can communicate with each other directly. –XML is more flexible than HTML, as it is a metalanguage—a language for describing other languages.

29. © Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 7-29 Viewing Web Pages Audio, Video, and Animation Elements –Java applets provide the ability to program online games and highly interactive interfaces. –Cookies store preference information, such as user IDs and passwords. –Plug-ins extend the capabilities of Web browsers by improving graphic, sound, and video elements.

30. © Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 7-30 Viewing Web Pages Internet Advertising –A banner invites viewers to click it to go to a new Web site selling a product or service. –A pop-up window advertisement “pops” unexpectedly into the middle of the screen. –A blind link is a link that misrepresents its true function to get people to click on it. –A hi-jacker causes efforts to reach a certain page to be redirected to another page.

31. © Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 7-31 Viewing Web Pages Each site on a WebRing maintains a link to the next site, forming a ring. WebRings are generally moderated by someone who wants to help people find Web sites that would not otherwise be easily accessible.

32. © Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 7-32 Searching for Information on the Internet Users can search for and retrieve information from Web pages by using a search engine.

33. © Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 7-33 Searching for Information on the Internet Differences between search engines are related to –The number of Web pages the engine catalogs –The search methodology used –The number of different search tools available to refine searches –Whether or not the engine accepts fees from Web sites to place their names at the top of search results lists

34. © Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 7-34 Searching for Information on the Internet Search Techniques –It is important to place the right keywords (also called search terms) in a search engine’s search text box. –Advanced searching employs logic statements known as search operators to refine searches. The most common search operators are AND, OR, and NOT.

35. © Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 7-35 Using Newer Internet Applications Peer-to-peer (P2P) file sharing allows people to download material directly from other users’ hard drives.

36. © Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 7-36 Using Newer Internet Applications Internet Telephony –This technology, also called Voice over IP (VoIP), allows two or more people to use the Internet to make telephone-style calls. –Voices are digitized and broken down into packets so that they can be sent anywhere. –VoIP can be used computer-to-computer, via Internet-ready phones, and via analog telephone adapters.

37. © Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 7-37 Using Newer Internet Applications Streaming Audio and Video –An alternative to downloading music or video is to access it using streaming, which sends a continuous stream of data to the receiving computer, where it is immediately played. –Streaming helps to protect copyrighted material because a complete copy is not downloaded, so it cannot be copied and shared.

38. © Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 7-38 Using Newer Internet Applications Webcams are tiny cameras that allow conversations over the Web through live video transmission. Audio mail is a type of electronic mail that allows people to transmit messages by voice.

39. © Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 7-39 Respecting the Internet Community What are some safeguards for good Internet behavior? –Netiquette is a collection of rules and guidelines that define good Net behavior. –Moderated environments have a moderator who can filter messages and ban people who break the rules. –Net neutrality states that all net traffic shall be treated with equal priority.

40. © Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 7-40 Respecting the Internet Community What are some safeguards for good Internet behavior? –The Digital Millennium Copyright Act of 1998 generally prohibits people from defeating software encryption programs and other copyright safeguards.

41. © Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 7-41 Respecting the Internet Community Core Rules of Netiquette

42. © Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 7-42 Respecting the Internet Community What are some points to remember when sending e-mail messages? –Once sent, they cannot be retrieved. –A permanent copy of the e-mail probably remains somewhere on the Internet. –E-mail is easily forwarded or copied.

43. © Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 7-43 On the Horizon Based on the information in this chapter and your own experience, what do you think is on the horizon?