1. Biomass of green chemistry (biomass energy) 交通大學應用化學系 鄭至玉, 李耀坤

2. Introduction and application of biomass 1.What is Biomass Energy?What is Biomass Energy? 2.Who Can Use Bioenergy?Who Can Use Bioenergy? 3.Who Should be Developing or Using Biomass?Who Should be Developing or Using Biomass? 4.Why Biomass?Why Biomass? 5.Socioeconomic Benefits of BiomassSocioeconomic Benefits of Biomass 6.Current Industrial Applications of BiomassCurrent Industrial Applications of Biomass 7.How Can We Use Biomass?How Can We Use Biomass? 8.Sources & Barriers of BiomassSources & Barriers of Biomass 9.Costs of BiomassCosts of Biomass More information from http://oahu.ol.mala.bc.ca/RE

3. Why do we need so badly?

5. Global carbon cycling and the importance of renewable resources 我們在 10 年之間, 用掉了佰萬年的積蓄 !!

6. 妳可以聽聽這個網站怎麼說 !! http://www.eprida.com/

7. Global carbon cycling and the importance of renewable resources Research at Division of Biochemical and Chemical Process Eng. Green Chemistry and Products from Renewable ResourcesGreen Chemistry Patents on Biomass ProcessingPatents More information in “Green Chemistry from Renewable Resources”

8. Any other energy can we get? Green and renewable

9. 1.Solar energy 2.Wind/wave energy 3.Biomass Burn in a heat recovery system Compost Convert into something different 太陽能是地球唯一的能源來源 天然的動能穩定度很低 生物將太陽能以化學能的方式儲存起來

10. 植物是收集太陽能 最有效的生物 !! 但是植物的木質素 是最不易被分解的 !! ( 也許可以試試白蟻喔 !)

11. Biomass-to-energy calculation 自己算算木頭可以燃燒出的能量吧 !!

12. 陽光. 空氣. 水生物燃料電 ( 太陽能 )( 生質能 )( 化學能 )( 電能 )

13. What else can we do with biomass?

14. Petroleum feedstock Fuels Solvent Bulk chemicals Plastics Fibres Fine chemicals Oils Petroleum refinery 石油除了提供能源也生產石化產品 !

15. Fuels Solvent Bulk chemicals Plastics Fibres Fine chemicals Oils Grain Bio-refinery Biomass 除了提供能源也可能生產民生用品 !

16. The problem Petrochemicals –Scarce resource –CO 2 pollution –Strategic and political weapon –Low security of supply –Cheap The solution Biomass (ethanol and diesel) –Renewable –CO 2 neutral –Can be grown and exploited anywhere –High security of supply –Expensive (yet) –Processing to gasoline or diesel can be combined with use as solid fuel Detail in Felby.ppt 石油的優點,biomass 取代 ! 石油的缺點,biomass 解決 !

17. Biomass – Supply and process chain Forest and agriculture crops & residues Municipal & Industrial waste Collection & storage Pre-treatment Solid biofuels Combustion for heat and Electricity Liquid Biofuels Ethanol (hydrolysis and fermentation) Bio-diesel (extraction/purification/modification) Biochemicals Fermentation (Thermochemical (pyrolysis, HTU, syngas) Detail in Felby.ppt

18. Biomass based energy Plant oils – Biodiesel Solid biomass – Heat and electricity Fermentable sugars – Starch and cellulose for ethanol production Detail in Felby.ppt

19. Platform of biomass energy

20. 直接以固體醱 酵成適當燃料 Crop Sugar solution final product Sunlight CO 2 & H 2 O 高生產量作物 高利用率作物 氣化, 熱裂解或酸 水解成較小分子 醱酵成適 當燃料 回歸自然

21. Detail in Miertus.pdf 生物質量的成分是複雜且迥異的 !!

22. 生物能釋放的方式包括：生物質量直接燃燒 成熱能或先轉型成燃料，再轉換成電能。其 中，轉型成燃料又可以化學方法 ( 氣化及熱 裂解 ) 或生物方法處理得到。 Platforms for biomass-to-energy Detail in ……………………………………

23. Biofuel production by fermentation from biomass 用光合細菌直接生產的氫氣或以木材、廚餘、廢水 等醱酵所生產的沼氣、甲醇、酒精等來產生能量

24. The steps of ethanol production by fermentation The production of ethanol by fermentation involves four major steps: (a) the growth, harvest and delivery of raw material to an alcohol plant; (b) the pre-treatment or conversion of the raw material to a substrate suitable for fermentation to ethanol; (c) fermentation of the substrate to alcohol, and purification by distillation; and (d) treatment of the fermentation residue to reduce pollution and to recover by-products.

25. Three types of raw materials for bioethanol (a) sugar from sugarcane, sugar beet and fruit, which may be converted to ethanol directly; (b) starches from grain and root crops, which must first be hydrolysed to fermentable sugars by the action of enzymes; and (c) cellulose from wood, agricultural wastes etc., which must be converted to sugars using either acid or enzymatic hydrolysis. http://www.viscostar.dk/application/food.htm The many and varied raw materials for bioethanol production can be conveniently classified into three types:

26. Ethanol fermentation

27. Commodity chemicals from ethanol CH 3 CH 2 OH CH 2 =CH 2 CH 3 CHOCH 3 CO 2 H Ethyl benzene Ethyl bromide Ethyl chloride Ethylene chlorohydrin Ethylene diamine Ethylene dibromide Ethylene dichloride Ethylene glycol Ethyleneimine Ethylene oxide Diethyl ketone Diethylene glycol Glycol ethers, esters MEA, DEA, TEA Vinyl acetate Polymers, copolymers Acetic acid Acetic anhydride Aldol products Butyl acetate Butyl alcohol Butyraldehyde Chloral Ethyleneimine Pyridines Acetamide Acetanilide Acetyl chloride Acetic anhydride Dimethyl acetamide Cellulose acetates Esters Detail in Hardy.ppt 酒精可衍生出各式產物

28. Bacteria for bioenergy conversion 一些可用來作為生物能量轉換的菌種研究、菌種特 性、相關代謝路徑與可能的基因工程改造計劃。

29. (A) Typical fermentation products made by a K12 E. coli fermenting glucose. Products are in moles produced per 100 mol fermented glucose (Dien et al. 2003; Gottschalk 1986) with 91% of the carbon accounted for as fermentation products. Metabolism of ethanol (B) Transforming E. coli with pet operon diverts almost all glucose to ethanol. This strain (KO11) also carries a mutation that blocks succinate production. Lin Y, Tanaka S. (2005) Ethanol fermentation from biomass resources: current state and prospects. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 69(6): 627-42

30. Dien BS, Cotta MA, Jeffries TW. (2003) Bacteria engineered for fuel ethanol production: current status. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 63(3): 258-66. Metabolism of xylose to ethanol

31. http://www.sspindia.com/food-processing-industry/starch-derivatives.html

32. Hydrolysis (Chemical) Hexoses Pentoses Lignin Fermentation Dehydrogenation Hydrolysis Hydrogenation Crystallisation Fermentation Dehydration Hydrogenation Crystallisation Hydrogenation Hydrolysis Oxidation Phenol derivatives, hydrocarbons Phenol derivatives, catechols Vanillin Yeast Furfural Polyols (Xylitol) Xylose Hydroxymethylfurfural Levulinic acid Polyols Glucose Alcohols (ethyl-, butyl, isopropyl-) Polyols (glyceral, ethylene glycol) Ketones (acetone) Acids (acetic, lactic, butyric) Yeast Detail in Hardy.ppt 善用不同生物質量的成分, 調整 製程方法可製備出多樣產物 !!

33. Microbial Conversion Dear God: I pray on bended knee’s, That all my syntheses, Will never be inferior, To those conducted by bacteria Organic Chemists Prayer (unknown origin)

34. Microbial Fuel Cell 1. 用微生物當作觸媒的微生物燃料電池系統 2. 用微生物產物當作燃料的微生物燃料電池系統

35. 用微生物當作觸媒的 微生物燃料電池系統 Rabaey K, Verstraete W. (2005) Microbial fuel cells: novel biotechnology for energy generation. Trends Biotechnol. 23(6):291-8.

36. 用微生物產物當作燃料的 微生物燃料電池系統 1 E. Nakada, S. Nishikat, Y. Asada, J.Miyake (1999) Photosynthetic bacterial hydrogen production combined with a fuel cell. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 24: 1053-1057. 用光合細菌直接生產的氫氣來產生能量。

37. 用微生物產物當作燃料的 微生物燃料電池系統 2 Microbial Fuel Cell: High Yield Hydrogen Source And Wastewater Cleaner http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2005/04/050422165917.htm

38. A case in Japan

39. Burden on commercial power grid by introduction of variable natural power source

40. PV operating results

41. Expo site and new energy consortium Members of the New Energy Consortium and Their Poles Expo Site

42. Whole components of the new energy plant

43. State of demonstrative project in nagakute Expo site MCFC 270 KW PAFC 200 KW x 4 SOFC 25 KW NaS battery 500 KW Multi-crystaline Photovoltaic power generation Amorphous silicon Photovoltaic power generation Bifacial single-crystaline Photovoltaic power generation PV: 30 + 100 + 200 KW